SEM and EDS Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained On Titaniumby Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Zinc Nitrate

The purpose of this work is to produce and characterize (chemical composition and roughness parameters) porous coatings enriched in calcium and phosphorus on the titanium (CP Titanium Grade 2) by plasma electrolytic oxidation. As an electrolyte, a mixture of phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 and calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O was used. Based on obtained EDS and roughness results of PEO coatings, the effect of PEO voltages on the chemical composition and surface roughness of porous coatings was determined. With voltage increasing from 450 V to 650 V, the calcium in PEO coatings obtained in freshly prepared electrolyte was also found to increase. In addition, the Ca/P ratio increased linearly with voltage increasing according to the formula Ca/P = 0.035·U+0.176 (by wt%) and Ca/P = 0.03·U+0.13 (by at%). It was also noticed that the surface roughness increases with the voltage increasing, what is related to the change in coating porosity, i.e. the higher is the surface roughness, the bigger are pores sizes obtained.

show abstract

“…In addition, it has to be pointed that PEO coatings may be enriched also in other elements, i.e. antibacterial copper [20] or zinc [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterisation of porous, calcium enriched coatings on titanium after plasma electrolytic oxidation under DC regime

Rokosz

Hryniewicz

Pietrzak

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, authors use with success phosphoric-based electrolytes to fabricate coatings containing copper under Direct Current Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (DC-PEO) condition [171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182], which was implemented through usage of electrolytes contain dissolved copper(II) nitrate in concentrated (85 wt.%) orthophosphoric acid. It should be pointed out that this type of electrolyte allows to prepare porous Cu-enriched coatings not only on titanium, but also on its alloys, such as Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn [183] or nitinol [184], as well as on Ti6Al4V [185,186], TNZ [186].…”

Section: Peo Coatings Enriched With Phosphorus and Copper Silver Or mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Porous Coatings Enriched with Selected Elements via PEO Treatment on Titanium and Its Alloys: A Review

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper shows that the subject of porous coatings fabrication by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known also as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO), is still current, inter alia because metals and alloys, which can be treated by the PEO method, for example, titanium, niobium, tantalum and their alloys, are increasingly available for sale. On the international market, apart from scientific works/activity developed at universities, scientific research on the PEO coatings is also underway in companies such as Keronite (Great Britain), Magoxid-Coat (Germany), Mofratech (France), Machaon (Russia), as well as CeraFuse, Tagnite, Microplasmic (USA). In addition, it should be noted that the development of the space industry and implantology will force the production of trouble-free micro- and macro-machines with very high durability. Another aspect in favor of this technique is the rate of part treatment, which does not exceed several dozen minutes, and usually only lasts a few minutes. Another advantage is functionalization of fabricated surface through thermal or hydrothermal modification of fabricated coatings, or other methods (Physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel), including also reoxidation by PEO treatment in another electrolyte. In the following chapters, coatings obtained both in aqueous solutions and electrolytes based on orthophosphoric acid will be presented; therein, dependent on the PEO treatment and the electrolyte used, they are characterized by different properties associated with their subsequent use. The possibilities for using coatings produced by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation are very wide, beginning from various types of catalysts, gas sensors, to biocompatible and antibacterial coatings, as well as hard wear coatings used in machine parts, among others, used in the aviation and aerospace industries.

show abstract

“…It addition, it should be noted that errors related to the voltage instability as well as with the distortion associated with the shape of the wave are also affected [30][31]. Porous coatings obtained by DC PEO processes with the use of concentrated phosphoric acid based electrolyte were described in previous papers [32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of porous coatings formed on titanium under AC plasma electrolytic oxidation

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process may be used to fabricate porous coatings on titanium. The ranges of voltages used in case of these plasma treatments are different. It has been found that for DC PEO processing the voltage must be higher than that in the case of AC PEO treatment. In addition, the shape and frequency of the voltage signal have also an influence. In the paper scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDEOS) were used to characterise obtained coatings. It was found that it is possible to obtain the porous coatings enriched with phosphorus and copper by use of AC-PEO at only 200 Vpp, while increasing the PEO voltage results in non-porous and cracked coatings. Based on GDEOS for 200 Vpp three sublayers were used, with ranges of 0-400, and 400-2400, and 2400-3600 seconds of sputtering time for first, and second, and transition sublayers respectively. XPS spectra for sample processed at 200 Vpp indicate in top 10 nm layer presence of titanium as Ti4+ and phosphorous as phosphates (most likely PO43–, HPO42–, H2PO4–, P2O73–).

show abstract

SEM and EDS Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained On Titaniumby Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Zinc Nitrate

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Fabrication and characterisation of porous, calcium enriched coatings on titanium after plasma electrolytic oxidation under DC regime

Fabrication and characterisation of porous, calcium enriched coatings on titanium after plasma electrolytic oxidation under DC regime

Phosphate Porous Coatings Enriched with Selected Elements via PEO Treatment on Titanium and Its Alloys: A Review

Characterisation of porous coatings formed on titanium under AC plasma electrolytic oxidation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About