Investigation of NiOx-hole transport layers in triple cation perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells with a planar p-i-n device structure offer easy processability at low temperatures, suitable for roll-to-roll fabrication on flexible substrates. Herein we investigate different hole transport layers (solution processed NiO x , sputtered NiO x , PEDOT:PSS) in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells using the triple cation lead halide perovskite Cs 0.08 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.92 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 as absorber layer. Overall, reproducible solar cell performances with power conversion efficiencies up to 12.8% were obtained using solution processed NiO x as hole transport layer in the devices. Compared to that, devices with PEDOT:PSS as hole transport layer yield efficiencies of approx. 8.4%. Further improvement of the fill factor was achieved by the use of an additional zinc oxide nanoparticle layer between the PC 60 BM film and the Ag electrode.

Functional materials, device architecture, and flexibility of perovskite solar cell

“…Inorganic materials have also been explored as HTMs due to their intrinsically high stability, high internal charge mobility, and generally low cost [129]. However, the solvents typically used to deposit the inorganic HTMs can partially dissolve or degrade the perovskite material and, therefore, have a detrimental impact on PCE performance/stability of n-i-p structure PSC [133]. Another reason for the slow progress towards the development of inorganic HTMs for PSCs is the relatively limited choice of materials compared to the other classes of HTMs.…”

Solution‐Processed Metal Oxide Nanocrystals as Carrier Transport Layers in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Weber et al compared the performance of planar p‐i‐n PVSCs based on this chemical precipitation synthesized NiO x and sputtered NiO x as HTL ( Figure ). In their study, they concluded that the solution processed NiO x HTL performed better than sputtered NiO x film due to the low film thickness of the puttered NiO x film of only 10 nm and thereby insufficient electron blocking properties . Cu and Cs‐doped NiO x could be synthesized through a similar chemical precipitation method.…”

“…b) J–V curves of devices with solution processed NiO x , sputtered NiO x , and PEDOT:PSS as HTLs, respectively. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Springer Nature.…”

Modification of NiOx hole transport layers with 4-bromobenzylphosphonic acid and its influence on the performance of lead halide perovskite solar cells

“…The synthesis of the NiO x nanoparticles was performed according to previous reports [15,[37][38][39]. In brief, nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate (NiNO 3 · 6 H 2 O) (0.05 mol) was dispersed in 10 mL deionized water and stirred for 5 min.…”

“…In recent practice, the NiO x layers for the application in perovskite solar cells are deposited majorly via solution processes by using sol-gel methods or nanoparticle dispersions in water [10,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Moreover, atomic layer deposition, flame spray synthesis, pulsed laser deposition, sputtering and electrodeposition have been applied for the formation of NiO x thin films [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”