Investigation of localized surface plasmons with the photon scanning tunneling microscope

Krenn, Joachim R.; Gotschy, W.; Somitsch, D.; Leitner, A.; Aussenegg, F. R.

doi:10.1007/bf01540256

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In near-field optics, they were used by Fischer and Pohl (1989) as the principal ingredient of a particular near-field optical microscope. The calculations in Girard and Dereux (1994) anticipated the near-field imaging of these resonances, a research area where very recent experimental developments have been reported (Krenn et al 1995).…”

Section: Nanometre-scale Optical Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 94%

Near-field optics theories

1996

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The development of near-field optics theory is reviewed. We first recall that near-field optics is not limited to near-field microscopy. Broadly speaking, it concerns phenomena involving evanescent electromagnetic waves. The importance of such waves was ignored for a long time in optical and surface physics until the emergence of scanning near-field optical microscopes. Taking evanescent waves into account prevents the use of any simple approximation in the set of Maxwell's equations. The various theoretical approaches of near-field optics are discussed from the point of view of their ability to assess evanescent electromagnetic waves. We discuss the main results of the application of the various practical schemes which all rely on a numerical procedure.

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Section: Nanometre-scale Optical Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 94%

Near-field optics theories

1996

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“…The photon scanning tunneling microscope ͑PSTM͒ has been used to measure the spatial extension of the SPO evanescent field, 2,3 and to image its lateral decay on a thin silver film in the visible range. 4 Localized SPO's on individual metal particles have been observed by coupling a PSTM and a scanning tunneling microscope. 5 The localization of optical modes in silver colloid fractal clusters have been investigated with the technique of the PSTM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field optical study of mesoscopic Au periodic samples: Effect of the polarization and comparison between different imaging modes

et al. 2000

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This paper presents a complete study, theoretical as well as experimental, of an electromagnetic field scattered by subwavelength metallic pads, allocated in a periodic manner on a silica substrate. The simulation of the far field and near field is obtained with the differential method. When the sample is illuminated in total internal reflection, the simulations show that the amplification of the electromagnetic field above the Au metallic pads depends on different parameters ͑wavelength, polarization of light, angle of incidence, and index of refraction͒. In this paper, we only consider the effect of the probe-to-sample distance and of the polarization of the illuminating light. As the experimental setup, we used the photon scanning tunneling microscope. If we compare these results with the calculations carried out with the dielectric pads, we show that the amplification is induced by the dielectric contrast between the metallic structures and their environment. Experimental results are presented in two different imaging modes. In the ''constant intensity'' mode, our experimental results are in excellent agreement with the simulations. Therefore, for a metallic sample analyzed in our experimental conditions, it validates the assumption that the signal detected is proportional to the square modulus of the electric field in the absence of the probe. We particularly show that if the polarization and the probe-to-sample distance are suitably chosen, dramatic localizations of the electromagnetic field are observed. We then present images obtained in the so-called ''two-wavelength'' mode, where two light sources illuminate the sample. The first beam is used for feedback regulation; it consequently allows a control of the tip motion, and permits us to determine the reference surface. By using such feedback regulation for this first beam, we are able to compare quantitatively the effect of the polarization on the field distribution of the second beam. The results are confirmed by the corresponding simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW B15 DECEMBER 2000-II VOLUME 62, NUMBER 24 PRB 62

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“…Due to their fascinating plasmonic properties, noble metal nanoparticles have been actively studied over the last decades, 1 down to the single nanoparticle level. 2 , 3 The inherent shape and size dependence of their optical resonance frequency allows for spectral fine-tuning of the plasmon resonance or for creating plasmonic hotspots. 4 − 7 The manipulation of the plasmon resonance over a broad spectral range has become very important whenever plasmonic nanostructures are used in photonics, optoelectronics, bioanalysis, or biodiagnostics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their fascinating plasmonic properties, noble metal nanoparticles have been actively studied over the last decades, down to the single nanoparticle level. , The inherent shape and size dependence of their optical resonance frequency allows for spectral fine-tuning of the plasmon resonance or for creating plasmonic hotspots. − The manipulation of the plasmon resonance over a broad spectral range has become very important whenever plasmonic nanostructures are used in photonics, optoelectronics, bioanalysis, or biodiagnostics. − However, it turns out that, for many applications, most of the noble metal nanoparticles, which are commonly used for nanoplasmonics, do not exhibit simultaneously all the desirable properties, such as multiple plasmon resonances in the visible or NIR range of the spectrum, a high surface-to-volume ratio, and a high density of catalytic sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical Plasmons of Individual Gold Nanosponges

et al. 2015

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The search for novel plasmonic nanostructures, which can act simultaneously as optical detectors and stimulators, is crucial for many applications in the fields of biosensing, electro- and photocatalysis, electrochemistry, and biofuel generation. In most of these areas, a large surface-to-volume ratio, as well as high density of active surface sites, is desirable. We investigate sponge-like, that is, fully porous, nanoparticles, called nanosponges, where both the gold and the air phase are fully percolated in three dimensions. We correlate, on a single nanoparticle basis, their optical scattering spectra (using dark field microscopy) with their individual morphology (using electron microscopy). We find that the scattering spectra of nanosponges depend only weakly on their size and outer shape, but are greatly influenced by their unique percolation, in qualitative agreement with numerical simulations.

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Investigation of localized surface plasmons with the photon scanning tunneling microscope

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Near-field optics theories

Near-field optics theories

Near-field optical study of mesoscopic Au periodic samples: Effect of the polarization and comparison between different imaging modes

Optical Plasmons of Individual Gold Nanosponges

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