Investigation of genotoxic effect of octyl gallate used as an antioxidant food additive in in vitro test systems

Abstract

Several antioxidant food additives are added to oils, soups, sauces, chewing gum, potato chips etc. One of them is octyl gallate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of octyl gallate in human lymphocytes, using in vitro chromosomal abnormalities (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt), micronucleus-FISH (MN-FISH), and comet tests. Different concentrations (0.50, 0.25, 0.125, 0.063, and 0.031 μg/mL) of octyl gallate were used. A negative (distilled water), a positive (0.20 μg/mL Mitomycin-C), and a solvent control (8.77 μL/mL ethanol) were also applied for each treatment. Octyl gallate did not cause changes in chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus, nuclear bud (NBUD) and nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) frequency. Similarly, there was no significant difference in DNA damage (comet assay), percentage of centromere positive and negative cells (MN-FISH test) compared to the solvent control. Moreover, octyl gallate did not affect replication and nuclear division index. On the other hand, it significantly increased the SCE/cell ratio in three highest concentrations compared to solvent control at 24 h treatment. Similarly, at 48 h treatment, the frequency of SCE raised significantly compared to solvent controls at all the concentrations (except 0.031 μg/mL). An important reduce was detected in mitotic index values in highest concentration at 24 h treatment and almost all concentrations (except 0.031 and 0.063 µg / mL) at 48 h treatment. The results obtained suggest that octyl gallate has no an important genotoxicological action on human peripheral lymphocytes at the concentrations applied in this study.

Octyl gallate has potent anti‐inflammasome activity by directly binding to NLRP3 LRR domain

“…However, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses using MitoSox or MitoTracker showed that OG also did not reduce either mtROS production or mitochondrial damage (Figure 3b, Supporting Information S1: Figure ). Given that OG is an antioxidant (Avuloglu Yilmaz et al, 2023), we also assessed its impact on ROS production in BMDMs that were stimulated with LPS or LPS + nigericin. Flow‐cytometry analysis using CM‐H2DCFDA showed that OG reduced LPS‐induced but not NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced ROS production of these cells (Supporting Information S1: Figure ).…”