Investigation of different types of nano drug delivery systems of atorvastatin for the treatment of hyperlipidemia

Abstract

Different nanoparticles, namely solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocrystals and nanosponges loaded with atorvastatin were successfully fabricated with desirable technological properties which reckoned promising methods of their preparation. Further, suitable characterization and evaluation parameters for in-vitro and in-vivo studies were conducted which led to increase in drug's bioavailability, provided better in-vivo efficacy and reduced toxicity in treating hyperlipidemia systemically. Particle sizes were found to be less than 300 nm with minimal polydispersity indices and maximized entrapment efficiency which are pre-requisites for their absorption in intestines. Drug release studies showed sustained release for a prolonged period, which was justified by release kinetics. Augmented bioavailability and reduced lipoprotein levels were key observations. In addition, reduced hepatotoxicty, decreased myotoxicity and diminished drug distribution were also the important highlights of these developed nanosystems as compared with the pure drug and marketed formulation. Histopathology of liver confirmed reduced hepatotoxicity. An elaborate comparison of these nanoparticles along with pure drug and marketed formulation concluded that nanosponges are potentially one of the best nanosystems for treating hyperlipidemia by systemic delivery.

Synergistically Enhanced Inhibitory Effects of Pullulan Nanoparticle-Mediated Co-Delivery of Lovastatin and Doxorubicin to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

“…The IC 50 doses of DXR/LV at 0.025/7.09, 0.3033/3.0, and 0.625/0.28 (μM/μM) were below the isobole, which suggests that DXR/LV at these ratios would produce a synergistic effect. Thus, this synergistic effect (1 + 1 > 2) would further achieve pharmacologically statistically minimized drug doses with maximized drug efficacy [37]. These three synergistic ratios appeared to represent these results: (1) a low dose of DXR (0.025 μM) could better enhance the therapeutic efficacy of LV because 0.025 μM DXR could produce a larger negative slope for the dose-effect curve of LV (Fig.…”

<p>Synergistic Effect of Tangeretin and Atorvastatin for Colon Cancer Combination Therapy: Targeted Delivery of These Dual Drugs Using RGD Peptide Decorated Nanocarriers</p>

“…Drug entrapment efficiency was determined by the separation of the drugs from the nano-systems by ultracentrifugation (15,000×g, 30 minutes, 4°C). 35 The concentration of ATST was determined by measuring the absorbance at 246 nm using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The dosage of TAGE was evacuated by HPLC method.…”

Intestinal lymphatic vessels and their role in chylomicron absorption and lipid homeostasis

“…Atorvastatin, a widely used drug for hyperlipidaemia, was shown to have several fold higher bioavailability in the plasma after gastrointestinal delivery as a nanoparticle form [35]. Also rosuvastatin loaded in a chylomicron mimicking carrier showed an improved drug absorption into the systemic circulation through lymphatic pathways [36].…”