While conventional photodetectors can only measure light intensity, the vectorial light field contains much richer information, including polarization and spectrum, that are essential for numerous applications ranging from imaging to telecommunication. However, the simultaneous measurement of multi-dimensional light field information typically requires the multiplexing of dispersive or polarization-selective elements, leading to excessive system complexity. Here, we demonstrate a near-infrared spectropolarimeter based on an electrically-tunable liquid crystal metasurface. The tunable metasurface, which acts as an encoder of the vectorial light field, is tailored to support high-quality-factor guided-mode resonances with diverse and anisotropic spectral features, thus allowing the full Stokes parameters and the spectrum of the incident light to be computationally reconstructed with high fidelity. The concept of using a tunable metasurface for multi-dimensional light field encoding may open up new horizons for developing vectorial light field sensors with minimized size, weight, cost, and complexity.
The combination of conventional polarization optical elements, such as linear polarizers and waveplates, is widely adopted to tailor light's state of polarization (SoP). Meanwhile, less attention has been given to the manipulation of light's degree of polarization (DoP). Here, we propose metasurface-based polarizers that
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is prone to drug resistance and difficult to treat. In this study, we grafted water-soluble pullulan with lovastatin (LV) to develop a novel amphiphilic conjugate, pullulan-encapsulated LV (PLV). The PLV conjugate was synthesized with three different ratios of pullulan to LV and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The degree of substitution (DS) of LV in terms of molar ratio was 7.87%, 3.58%, and 3.06% for PLV (1/2), PLV (1/3), and PLV (1/4), respectively, by proton NMR analysis. We selected the PLV (1/2) conjugate to prepare doxorubicin (DXR)-loaded PLV nanoparticles (PLV/DXR NPs) because of its superior properties. The average size and zeta potential for PLV (1/2) NPs were 177.6 nm and − 11.66 mV, respectively, determined by dynamic light scattering, and those for PLV/DXR NPs were 225.6 nm and − 10.51 mV, respectively. In vitro drug release profiling showed that PLV/DXR NPs sustainably released DXR within 72 h, which was more robust at pH 5.4 (97.90%) than pH 7.4 (76.15%). In the cytotoxicity study, PLV/DXR NPs showed greater inhibition of proliferation of TNBC MDA-MB-231 than non-TNBC MDA-MB-453 cells (IC50 0.60 vs 11.05 μM). FITC-loaded PLV/DXR NPs were prepared to investigate cellular uptake: both cell lines showed a time-dependent uptake of NPs, but the number of NPs entering MDA-MB-231 cells was greater than that entering the MDA-MB-453 cells. Pullulan-based NP co-delivery of LV and DXR could efficiently inhibit TNBC cells, which may help in designing a powerful drug delivery system for treating TNBC.
Optical metasurfaces are endowed with unparallel flexibility to manipulate the light field with a subwavelength spatial resolution. Coupling metasurfaces to materials with strong optical nonlinearity may allow ultrafast spatiotemporal light field modulation. However, most metasurfaces demonstrated thus far are linear devices. Here, we experimentally demonstrate simultaneous spatiotemporal laser mode control using a single-layer plasmonic metasurface strongly coupled to an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material within a fiber laser cavity. While the geometric phase of the metasurface is utilized to convert the laser's transverse mode from a Gaussian beam to a vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum, the giant nonlinear saturable absorption of the ENZ material enables pulsed laser generation via the Q-switching process. The direct integration of a spatiotemporal metasurface in a laser cavity may pave the way for the development of miniaturized laser sources with tailored spatial and temporal profiles, which can be useful for numerous applications, such as superresolution imaging, high-density optical storage, and three-dimensional laser lithography.
Objective: This paper measures whether there is any difference between the non-invasive monitoring technology that shows the change in ICP value and the current "gold standard" intraventricular probe-type intracranial pressure monitoring technology. Methods: 61 critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury requiring invasive ICP monitoring in the intensive care unit of our hospital from April 2017 to September 2017 were selected. The study subjects were selected in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of experimental design. Each patient recorded the ICP values before and after intravenous drip of 20% mannitol 125 ml, and received ultrasound measurements at bedside by two different physicians before, after, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes after ICP changes. Results: The consistency of the ONSD values measured by different doctors at the same time was the same, and the repeatability of the bedside ultrasound measurement of the ONSD values was better. There was no significant difference between the ONSD value measured immediately after the ICP drop and the ONSD value before the ICP drop. There was a significant difference between the ONSD value measured 10 minutes after the ICP drop and the ONSD value before the ICP drop. However, there was no significant difference in the value of ONSD measured between 10 minutes and 30 minutes after the ICP decreased. Conclusion: ONSD reflects that the lag time window of ICP changes is within 10 minutes, but the measured values of ONSD within the 20-minute period from 10 minutes to 30 minutes after ICP changes can better reflect the current ICP values.
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