“…Of these approaches, the incorporation of nanomaterials, which can provide enhanced free volume in the PA selective layer and additional nano-pores/channels for water transport, has received great significant interest [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Meanwhile, a variety of nanomaterials, including Ag NPs [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], zinc oxide nanoparticles [ 18 ], copper nanoparticles [ 19 ], titanium dioxide nanoparticles [ 20 ], graphene oxide nanosheets [ 21 , 22 ], and curcumin-enriched sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (Cur-NaDBS) nanoparticles [ 23 ], have been successfully applied to effectively inhibit bacterial proliferation on membranes. Currently, the incorporation of these dual-functional nanomaterials to the PA selective layer is mainly through ex situ or in situ methods, forming thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes.…”