Investigation of animal and algal bioassays for reliable saxitoxin ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity risk evaluation

Perreault, François; Matias, Marcelo Seleme; Melegari, Sílvia Pedroso; Pinto, C.; Creppy, E. E.; Popovic, Radovan; Matias, William Gerson

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.016

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, in the CBMN assay and DNA fragmentation tests, 4 different concentrations of STX (0.38, 0.75, 1.5, or 3 nM) were examined, since these levels approached the EC 50 values calculated from the MTT assay. The STX EC 50 for N2A cells calculated in this study is consistent with the value of 1.5 nM noted by Perreault et al (2011), who reported the cytotoxic (MTT assay) and genotoxic (DNA methylation) effects on N2A cells. Melegari et al (2012) noted that the cytotoxic effect of STX on N2A cells was correlated with a significant increase in oxidative stress levels as evidenced by LPO levels at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 64 nM.…”

Section: Cell Viabilitysupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The Neuro 2A (N2A) bioassay of the neuroblastoma mouse cell line was described by Jellett et al (1995) as a method to detect STX, and this cell line proved to be suitable for use with in vitro cytotoxicity assays (Perreault et al 2011). Various investigators with in vitro studies demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of STX Perreault et al 2011;Da Silva et al 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Various investigators with in vitro studies demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of STX Perreault et al 2011;Da Silva et al 2014). Perreault et al (2011) suggested that STX produced indirect genotoxic effects in N2A cells at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 64 nM through induction of DNA methylation. found that STX at a concentration of 1.5 nM induced oxidative stress as evidenced by lipid peroxidation (LPO) in N2A cell line.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Induced In Vitro by Saxitoxin in Mammalian Cells

Melegari

Pinto

Moukha

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Since the cyanotoxin saxitoxin (STX) is a neurotoxin and induces ecological changes in aquatic environments, a potential risk to public and environmental health exists. However, data on STX-mediated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects are still scare. In order to gain a better understanding of the effects of this toxin, the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of STX was examined in two mammalian cell lines. Neuro 2A (N2A), a neuroblastoma mouse cell line, and Vero cell line, derived from Vero green monkey kidney cells, were exposed to several concentrations of STX ranging from 0.5 to 64 nM to determine cell viability, induction of apoptosis (DNA fragmentation assay), and formation of micronuclei (MN) (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay; CBMN) following 24 h of incubation. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for STX calculated in cell viability tests were 1.01 nM for N2A and 0.82 nM for Vero cells. With increasing STX concentration there was evidence of DNA fragmentation indicating apoptosis induction in Vero cells with a 50% increase in DNA fragmentation compared to control at the highest STX concentration tested (3 nM). The results demonstrated no significant changes in the frequency of micronucleated binucleated cells in N2A and Vero cells exposed to STX, indicating the absence of genotoxicity under these test conditions. There was no apparent cellular necrosis as evidenced by a lack of formation of multinucleated cells. In conclusion, data reported herein demonstrate that STX produced death of both cell types tested through an apoptotic process.

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Section: Cell Viabilitysupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Induced In Vitro by Saxitoxin in Mammalian Cells

Melegari

Pinto

Moukha

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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“…However, accumulated aphantoxin toxicity reduced touch responses and even caused paralysis in time-and dose-dependent manners. In this study, the aphantoxininduced delayed touch response/paralysis was more noticeable from 1 h to 12 h, suggesting that this effect was time-dependent, as suggested by previous studies (Yokoo et al, 2000;Perreault et al, 2011). The aphantoxin-induced delayed touch response/paralysis started at 1 h post-exposure suggesting that the onset of aphantoxin toxicity was rapid, as indicated in previous reports (Lefebvre et al, 2005).…”

Section: Touch Response (Mechanosensory) Deficits and Paralysissupporting

confidence: 69%

Zebrafish locomotor capacity and brain acetylcholinesterase activity is altered by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins

Zhang

et al. 2013

Aquatic Toxicology

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“…DNA Methylation measured by m 5 dC rates: The DNA methylation test was based on Bardakci and Skibinski (1994), Flohr et al (2012), Perreault et al (2011) with modifications.…”

Section: Biochemical Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and hypermethylation induced by exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to complex environmental mixtures of river water from Cubatão do Sul, Brazil

Fuzinatto

Flohr

Melegari

et al. 2015

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Investigation of animal and algal bioassays for reliable saxitoxin ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity risk evaluation

Cited by 40 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Induced In Vitro by Saxitoxin in Mammalian Cells

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Induced In Vitro by Saxitoxin in Mammalian Cells

Zebrafish locomotor capacity and brain acetylcholinesterase activity is altered by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins

Oxidative stress and hypermethylation induced by exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to complex environmental mixtures of river water from Cubatão do Sul, Brazil

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