Investigation of ammonia and hydrogen as CO2-free fuels for heavy duty engines using a high pressure dual fuel combustion process

Frankl, Stephanie; Gleis, S.; Karmann, Stephan; Prager, M.; Wachtmeister, Georg

doi:10.1177/1468087420967873

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…electricity and advanced biofuels), hydrogen has the potential to address some of the key emission reduction challenges when combined with ICE technologies. In particular, the H 2 fuelled ICE (H2ICE) is the only alternative keeping the ICE powerplant that does not produce any tank-to-wheel CO 2 emissions at the tailpipe (as well as IC engines fed with ammonia, 14 however more suitable for ship applications). Contrarily to FC powertrain systems, H2 ICEs can be fuelled with non-purified hydrogen, resulting in significantly lower production cost of hydrogen fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen for future internal combustion engines

Onorati¹,

Payri²,

Vaglieco³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

154

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen for future internal combustion engines

Onorati¹,

Payri²,

Vaglieco³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This increases the relative impact of unburned CH 4 emissions on climate change. 8 To demonstrate this adverse effect, Stettler et al 9 analysed the energy consumption, GHG emissions and pollutants from five after-market dual-fuel engine configurations in two vehicle platforms. They reported that over a transient cycle, lean-burn NG fuelled vehicles reduced CO 2 emissions by up to 9% when compared to the diesel-only baseline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of natural gas composition on conventional dual-fuel and reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Pedrozo

Wang

Guan

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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The use of natural gas (NG) in dual-fuel heavy-duty engines has the potential to reduce pollutant and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector when compared to the conventional diesel engines. However, NG composition and methane slip are of interest because both can adversely affect the benefits of NG as an alternative fuel, especially when considering GHG emissions. Therefore, this study experimentally investigated the effects of NG fuel properties on the performance and emissions of both conventional dual-fuel and reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine operations. Three different gas mixtures were selected to simulate typical NG compositions available in the world market, with methane numbers (MN) of 80.9, 87.6 and 94.1. These fuels were tested in a single-cylinder compression ignition engine operating at 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 MPa net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). A high-pressure common rail system allowed for the use of various diesel injection strategies while a variable valve actuation system enabled the effective compression ratio to be adjusted via late intake valve closing (LIVC). The RCCI combustion was found to be more sensitive to changes in MN than the conventional NG-diesel dual-fuel operation. The gas mixture with the lowest MN reduced both total unburned hydrocarbons emissions and methane slip at the expense of higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The effects of MN on the net indicated efficiency were more significant at 0.6 MPa IMEP, yielding differences of up to 4.9% between the RCCI operations with the lowest and highest MN fuels. Overall, this work revealed that the combination of the RCCI combustion and LIVC can achieve up to 80% lower methane slip and NOx emissions and relatively higher net indicated efficiency than the conventional dual-fuel regime, independent of the NG composition.

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“…10 This approach has been tried and tested with homogeneous mixtures, [11][12][13][14][15] and has also proven to work with direct injection of the gaseous fuel into the cylinder. 16,17 Although the concept of high-pressure gas injection above 300 bar is very recent, 18 direct gas injection has been used for both marine [19][20][21][22] and heavy-duty 8,23 applications. Another approach is to use a glow-plug to create a local high temperature zone inside the combustion chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the ignitability of a high-pressure direct-injected methane jet using a diesel pilot, a glow-plug, and a pre-chamber

Vera-Tudela

Schneider

Wüthrich

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, it allows for a reduction of engine-out emissions without impairing high engine efficiencies. Although this approach is already utilized from small to large engine classes, it is almost exclusively based on the combustion of a premixed, homogeneous charge. For ignition, small engines use standard spark-plugs or pre-chambers, while large and lean-operated engines use pre-chambers and pilot injections. Direct high-pressure gas injection is a more recent, alternative way to operate gas engines which offers benefits compared to premixed operation such as high compression ratio, high combustion pressures, lean operation, quantity regulation, among others. However, in contrast to diesel direct injection, the compression temperatures are too low for the auto-ignition of the gas jets. Therefore, an additional ignition system is required, usually a pilot injection system is used. In this study, the usability and performance of three ignition strategies for direct injected high-pressure gas jets have been investigated in an optically accessible test-rig that is able to operate at engine-like conditions. The first type of ignition system is a pilot injection with a liquid fuel, the second is a glow-plug located near the main gas jet, and the third system is a pre-chamber with a nozzle hole aimed at the main gas jet. Results show that all three strategies are feasible options under the studied conditions. Ignition by a pilot fuel injection is a safe and reliable way to ignite the main fuel. The glow-plug is less reliable and leads to high cycle-to-cycle variation. The best option in the present study is the pre-chamber, it is very reliable, delivers the highest peak cylinder pressure and exhibits the lowest cyclic variability. The good performance is attributed to the intense mixing of the main gas jet with the hot jet exiting the pre-chamber.

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Investigation of ammonia and hydrogen as CO2-free fuels for heavy duty engines using a high pressure dual fuel combustion process

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

The role of hydrogen for future internal combustion engines

The role of hydrogen for future internal combustion engines

The effects of natural gas composition on conventional dual-fuel and reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine

Study on the ignitability of a high-pressure direct-injected methane jet using a diesel pilot, a glow-plug, and a pre-chamber

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