Investigating the impact of CO2 emission and economic factors on infants health: a case study for Pakistan

Abstract

This study has attempted to investigate the consequences of CO2 emissions on infants’ health in Pakistan over the period of 1975 to 2013. Several economic factors have been employed in our analysis and the estimates show insignificant impact of CO2 emissions in affecting children mortality. Increasing health facilities lowers children mortality over a short period were also observed but the relationship inversed in the long-run. In short-run, urbanization appeared as a decreasing factor to children mortality. While income inequality remains inversely related with children mortality. Both poverty and fertility are found enhancing factors to children deaths. The poor sector of the economy seemed to observe higher children mortality due to inadequate health facilities and low standards of living. Overall, we have observed greater impact of economic factors in explaining children mortality than CO2 emissions in case of Pakistan. These issues have a significant impact on the representative industries in Pakistan, such as the cotton textile and traditional clothing industry (apparel manufacturing).

The Nexus between Sustainable Economic Development and Government Health Expenditure in Asian Countries Based on Ecological Footprint Consumption

“…In this way, they enjoy an expectedly long and healthy life. The result is consistent withthe literature which shows that the public spending on healthcare leads to low child mortality rates [31].The per capita income and growth affect the infant mortalityvery significantly [41].The study results are also consistent with [46], which strengthens their validity. In the case of spending, although showingsigns positively, the statistics are insignificant in this study, which might be explained by the percentage of the amount being spent on health, which might not have significant enough impact to be noticeable.…”

“…Moreover, [25], have used panel data analysis and discovered a negative effect of public health expenditures. The authors of [41] revealed that an increase in public spending improves child mortality. A negative relationship was also found between health expenditures and infant mortality rate [42,43].…”

“…The result is consistent with the study of [31], which shows that public spending on healthcare leads to low mortality rates. The per capita income and growth significantly affect infant mortality [41]. Results of health expenditures highlight that health expenditures improves infant mortality.…”

“…The authors of [48] revealed that ecological footprint consumption increases infant mortality. The per capita income and growth significantly affects infant mortality [41].The authors of [49] revealed that trade tends to decrease the child mortality rate significantly in the long run. The authors of [50] concluded that unemployment increases infant mortality rate in Italy.…”

Investigating the Causal Linkages among Inflation, Interest Rate, and Economic Growth in Pakistan under the Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Wavelet Transformation Approach

“…Based on the comprehensive study of the debate between structuralists and monetarists, and following the trend of inflation and growth in Pakistan, we expect that the growth-inflation relationship is negative in the case of Pakistan, supporting the monetarists' view. Naeem et al (2021) argued that Pakistan is a developing economy where there are no strict environmental policies implemented for the benefit of enhancing economic growth. We are also hopeful to find a long-run relationship between these variables.…”