The Nexus between Sustainable Economic Development and Government Health Expenditure in Asian Countries Based on Ecological Footprint Consumption

Abstract

Health has vital importance in maintaining economic development since it is essential for, and a result of, economic development. This indicates that health makes a large contribution in achieving sustainable development and health outcomes. The significance of health is shown in the millennium development goals (MDGs) and in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), where four of the seventeen objectives focus on improving health outcomes (UN, 2021). As compared to other countries, some Asian countries are still worse off regarding health outcomes and are facing challenges in achieving positive outcomes for such goals. This study mainly focuses on identifying the link between public health expenditures and health outcomes in nine Asian economies from 2000 to 2018. The study implements fixed effects panel data estimations by using the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the suitable estimator for the study. The empirical results from the fixed effects technique show that immunization, GDP per capita, trade openness, and utilization of basic water service facilities improve under-five and infant mortality in Asian economies. However, ecological footprint increases under-five and infant deaths by damaging the environment.

Impact of Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 on the Relationship between Healthcare Expenditures and Sustainable Economic Growth

“…In order to investigate causality between economic development and healthcare expenditure, scientists used numerical econometric instruments (ARDL, GMM, OLS regression, Granger causality test, panel-type VECM model, etc. ), but in the paper, a unified econometric instrument is proposed—panel data GLS regression and Hausman test as is also proposed in [ 17 ]. So, the panel data regression modelling toolkit will be used to fulfil this task.…”

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An Empirical Investigation into Alarming Signals Ignored by the U.S. Multi-Brand Retailer J. Crew Incorporation during COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Ghasemi et al (2021) revealed that sustainable criteria cover all economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Moreover, Qaiser Gillani et al (2021) highlighted the fact that a healthy environment results in healthy people and sustainable development.…”

The health consequences of civil wars: evidence from Afghanistan

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