The health consequences of civil wars: evidence from Afghanistan

Hameed, Mohammad Ajmal; Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur; Khanam, Rasheda

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14720-6

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…These variables, whether operating directly or through their association with endogenous factors, have been neglected. Given the recent surges in global inflation, compounded by significant economic uncertainties stemming from global financial crises 80 , pandemics 81 , 82 , civil conflicts 83 , 84 , persistent cost-push and demand-pull inflation trends 85 – 87 , and the dynamic nature of political-economic factors such as wealth oil, labor market fluctuations, and material price volatility, as well as overarching governance interventions at both general and sector-specific levels within our study panel, it is imperative to comprehensively capture their effects on contemporary health outcomes. Thus, we introduce three pivotal exogenous variables, namely, inflationary shocks ( INS ), economic volatility shocks ( EVS ), and an expected countermeasure—a measure of institutional quality index.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Sci Rep

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Air pollution poses a persuasive threat to global health, demonstrating widespread detrimental effects on populations worldwide. Exposure to pollutants, notably particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm (PM2.5), has been unequivocally linked to a spectrum of adverse health outcomes. A nuanced understanding of the relationship between them is crucial for implementing effective policies. This study employs a comprehensive investigation, utilizing the extended health production function framework alongside the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) technique, to scrutinize the interplay between air pollution and health outcomes. Focusing on a panel of the top twenty polluted nations from 2000 to 2021, the findings yield substantial insights. Notably, PM2.5 concentration emerges as a significant factor, correlating with a reduction in life expectancy by 3.69 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.294%. Urbanization is found to increase life expectancy by 0.083 years while concurrently decreasing infant mortality rates by 0.00022%. An increase in real per capita gross domestic product corresponds with an improvement in life expectancy by 0.21 years and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.00065%. Similarly, an elevated school enrollment rate is associated with a rise in life expectancy by 0.17 years and a decline in infant mortality rates by 0.00032%. However, a higher population growth rate is found to modestly decrease life expectancy by 0.019 years and slightly elevate infant mortality rates by 0.000016%. The analysis reveals that per capita greenhouse gas emissions exert a negative impact, diminishing life expectancy by 0.486 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00061%, while per capita energy consumption marginally reduces life expectancy by 0.026 years and increases infant mortality rates by 0.00004%. Additionally, economic volatility shock presents a notable decrement in life expectancy by 0.041 years and an increase in infant mortality rates by 0.000045%, with inflationary shock further exacerbating adverse health outcomes by lowering life expectancy by 0.70 years and elevating infant mortality rates by 0.00025%. Moreover, the study scrutinizes the role of institutional quality, revealing a constructive impact on health outcomes. Specifically, the institutional quality index is associated with an increase in life expectancy by 0.66% and a decrease in infant mortality rates by 0.0006%. Extending the analysis to examine the nuanced dimensions of institutional quality, the findings discern that economic institutions wield a notably stronger positive influence on health outcomes compared to political and institutional governance indices. Finally, the results underscore the pivotal moderating role of institutional quality in mitigating the deleterious impact of PM2.5 concentration on health outcomes, counterbalancing the influence of external shocks, and improving the relationships between explanatory variables and health outcome indicators. These findings offer critical insights for guiding evidence-based policy implications, with a focus on fostering resilient, sustainable, and health-conscious societies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The methodology used for constructing IQI aligns with the approach suggested by Sarma [ 66 ], utilizing six governance measures from the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). This technique, preferred for its empirical robustness and ease of estimation, has been widely adopted by prior literature [ 31 , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] ]. The resulting IQI is expressed as a number between 0 (low) and 1 (high), with detailed construction information available in Appendix A .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy and ecological footprint nexus: Evidence from dynamic panel threshold technique

Azimi,

Rahman

2024

Heliyon

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“…Throughout the intense clashes, over 70% of healthcare centers were intentionally destroyed or robbed. Moreover, healthcare providers themselves may face being victims, displaced, or burned out due to work overload, adding to challenges in providing care for patients [6,7,9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

April 15th War and Hemodialysis Patients in Sudan: A Cross-sectional Study

Idrees,

Bashir,

Mohamed

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background On April 15th, 2023, intense clashes involving heavy weapons and airstrikes occurred between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, leading to the displacement of almost 8.1 million people. The ongoing armed conflict in Sudan has led to a worsening humanitarian catastrophe, posing serious challenges to the country's health-care system and even its collapse. Healthcare facilities have been severely affected, with barely one-third of hospitals operating in conflict zones. Hemodialysis patients are among the most affected by this war's aftermath, which ranges from obvious dangers like violence-related injuries and deaths to more indirect effects like the suspension of access to preventive and curative medical care. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional multicenter health facility-based study aiming to study the impact of the April 15 war on hemodialysis patients in Sudan. The study was conducted in five centers in four different states in Sudan, including Gezira State, Red Sea State, River Nile State, and Kassala State. The study included 316 participants. Data was collected using structured interviews guided by a questionnaire. The questionnaire encompassed five primary domains: demographic data, healthcare access (Levesque’s Conceptual Framework of Access), physical implications, psychological impact (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale and Patient health questionnaire), and quality of life (Kidney disease quality of life 36 scales). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for data analysis. Results This study involved 316 participants, with an average age of 47.14 and 63.9% being males. After the war, 74.7% reported being unemployed. 30.1% of participants had to flee their homes, and 18.7% had a renal ailment limiting their travel. Among the components of healthcare access affordability, it received the lowest score (5.6 out of 10). More than half of the participants were unable to maintain their regular hemodialysis sessions (56.9%) throughout the war, and 65.2% of the participants developed medical complications as a result. The GAD assessment showed 62.7% of participants had significant anxiety symptoms, while 40.5% had significant depression symptoms Conclusion Hemodialysis patients' suffering has increased as a result of the war. Hemodialysis patients experience severe mental health problems in addition to physiological problems, including depression and anxiety, as a result of internal displacement and their inability to continue regular hemodialysis sessions. The study advocates for the implementation of a permanent ceasefire in conflict zones to ensure the delivery of critical humanitarian medical aid, particularly hemodialysis care. The study encourages stronger advocacy for hemodialysis in war-torn areas as well as collaboration with international organizations to provide such specialized care. Finally, it encourages the use of telemedicine services as a backup plan to provide continuous hemodialysis consultation and care in the event of conflict disruptions.

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The health consequences of civil wars: evidence from Afghanistan

Cited by 6 publications

References 88 publications

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Unveiling the health consequences of air pollution in the world’s most polluted nations

Renewable energy and ecological footprint nexus: Evidence from dynamic panel threshold technique

April 15th War and Hemodialysis Patients in Sudan: A Cross-sectional Study

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