Investigating the effects of design and management factors on DBPs levels in indoor aquatic centres

Saleem, Sana; Dyck, Roberta; Hu, Guangji; Hewage, Kasun; Rodriguez, Manuel J.; Sadiq, Rehan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.172

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The above results may be attributed to the persistent interaction between the oxidants and NOMs in ballast water. 25,34 TBM and TCM were major components (109.81 μg L −1 and 36.27 μg L −1 respectively at 48 h) in the generated THMs and increased gradually over time (Fig. S1†).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formation of halogenated disinfection by-products during ballast water chlorination

Zhang

Xue

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formation of halogenated disinfection by-products during ballast water chlorination

Zhang

Xue

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…The presented case study is a new approach to assessing the quality of swimming pool water which, although supported by research in the field of swimming pool water system modeling and swimming pool water treatment (Orlov et al 2018;Golbaz et al 2019;Saleem et al 2019), indicates that the guidelines for the design of swimming pools should be reviewed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swimming pools are environments with high levels of DBPs due to continuous disinfection and constant organic load from bathers (Carter et al 2019 ; Saleem et al 2019 ; Tsamba et al 2020 ). The presence and number of DBPs in swimming pools depends on many factors, including the method of water treatment, the type and concentration of used disinfectant, the content of natural organic matter, the physicochemical characteristics of treated waters, the contact time with bathers, attendance, and flow rates (Bradford 2014 ; Teo et al 2015 ; Cheema et al 2017 ; Tardif et al 2017 ; Ilyas et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of swimming pool water treatment system factors on the content of selected disinfection by-products

Wyczarska-Kokot

Lempart

Dudziak

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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Recommendations regarding disinfection by-products (DBPs) in pool waters consider the content of trihalomethanes (THMs) and combined chlorine (CC) as indicators of DBPs based on which the health risk for swimmers and staff of pool facility can be determined. However, the content of DBPs in swimming pools depends on many factors. In this paper, the influence of selected factors (physicochemical parameters of water and technological parameters) on the content of THMs and CC in pool water was determined. During the 6-month period, 9 pools of various functions were analyzed. The water in pools was subjected to the same method of treatment. The content of THMs and CC was compared against the content of organic matter, free chlorine and nitrates, pH, temperature, redox potential and turbidity, technological, and operational parameters. The THM content did not exceed the limit value of 0.1 mg/L. The content of CC varied significantly, from 0.05 to 1.13 mg Cl2/L. It was found that a very large water volume per person, in comparison to a very small one, contributed to the low content of CC and THMs. The high load expressed as m3 of water per person or m2 of water per person and the specific function of hot tubs (HT1 and HT2) led to the average concentration of CC in these pools exceeding 0.3 mg Cl2/L. The THM concentrations in hot tubs (especially in HT1) were also among the largest (0.038–0.058 mg/L). In terms of the analyzed microbiological indicators, the quality of the tested pool water samples was not in doubt. It was found that the purpose of the pool, its volume, and number of swimmers should be the key parameters that determine the choice of methods of water treatment. The research on the pool water quality in the actual working conditions of swimming pool facilities is necessary due to the need to preserve the health safety of swimmers and staff.

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“…The traditional design has been exclusively focused on protection of the building construction and keeping the indoor environment within a given range of temperature and humidity. Since the main source of air pollution in swimming facilities is the water surface, there is consensus that the design of the ventilation system is one of the most important tasks in the work regarding improving the indoor air quality for swimmers (Berg et al, 2019;Nitter & Svendsen, 2019a;Ratajczak & Piotrowska, 2019;Saleem et al, 2019).…”

Section: Indoor Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic and data-driven literature review of the energy and indoor environmental performance of swimming facilities

et al. 2021

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During the last few decades, focus on measures for energy conservation in buildings has increased considerably. The European Commission implemented the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, which gave instructions to the member states about how to reduce energy consumption in residential and non-residential buildings. In the process of making the building sector more energy efficient, the building codes generally have become stricter with some simplifications applied in the requirements. For swimming facilities in Norway, these simplifications are undermining the purpose of the code by excluding the energy use related to the operation of swimming pools, which is the main part of the energy use in this building category. In other words, the energy use related to operation of the facility is not regulated. Furthermore, guidelines for the planning and operation of these types of facilities are outdated and research for this building category is sparse. These three aspects mean that there is a considerable potential for improvement. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review with bibliometric and thematic analyses of the contextualized research in swimming facilities from a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning perspective. It maps the major trends during the past few decades, where areas like solar heating for outdoor pools, energy consumption, and air quality stand out. Except for air quality and disinfection by-products, research on these facilities is highly fragmented without any strong contributors to the various fields. Graphical abstract

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Investigating the effects of design and management factors on DBPs levels in indoor aquatic centres

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Formation of halogenated disinfection by-products during ballast water chlorination

Formation of halogenated disinfection by-products during ballast water chlorination

Impact of swimming pool water treatment system factors on the content of selected disinfection by-products

Systematic and data-driven literature review of the energy and indoor environmental performance of swimming facilities

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