Investigating the effect of accelerated weathering on the mechanical and physical properties of high content plastic solid waste (PSW) blends with virgin linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)

Al–Salem, S.M.; Abraham, Gils; Al-Qabandi, O. A.; Dashti, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.07.008

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The samples were tested for using a TA instrument Q-series model differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). A 9 ± 0.1 mg sample was placed in the DSC crucible and equilibrated at 40 ∘ C for 5 min, after which the sample was heated using a 10 ∘ C min −1 ramp to 200 ∘ C; standard practices and current laboratory protocols for polymer thermal analysis were followed [26]. The waste material constituted the following percentages of the polymers after laboratory analysis was achieved (wt%): LLDPE (46%), LDPE (51%), HDPE (1%), and PP (2%).…”

Section: Materials and Randommentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Al–Salem

Al-Dousari

Abraham

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Accelerated weathering test was performed on blends of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and plastic film waste constituting the following percentages of polyolefin polymers (wt.%): LLDPE (46%), low density polyethylene (LDPE, 51%), high density polyethylene (HDPE, 1%), and polypropylene (PP, 2%). Compounded blends were evaluated for their mechanical and physical (optical) properties. The impact of photodegradation on the formulated blends was studied, and loss of mechanical integrity was apparent with respect to both the exposure duration to weathering and waste content. The effect of processing conditions, namely, the die head temperature (DHT) of the blown-film assembly used, was investigated in this work. It was witnessed that surpassing the melting point of the blends constituting polymers did not always result in a synergistic behaviour between polymers. This was suspected to be due to the loss of amorphous region that polyolefin polymers get subjected to with UV exposure under weathering conditions and the effect of the plastic waste constituents. The total change in colour (ΔE) did not change with respect to DHT or waste content due to rapid change degradation on the material’s surface. Haze (%) and light transmission (%) decreased with the increase in waste content which was attributed to lack of miscibility between constituting polymers.

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Section: Materials and Randommentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Al–Salem

Al-Dousari

Abraham

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…The unloaded film samples were carefully placed in plastic bags and rinsed for 3-5 s before drying and conducting the various experiments. Readers are referred to Al-Salem et al [7] and Al-Salem [9] for more details on the methodology.…”

Section: Natural Weathering Of Film Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equipment used was cleaned every 800 h to remove scale deposits resulting from water evaporation during the condensation cycles. Readers are referred to Al-Salem et al [7], [8], [14] for a detailed depiction on the accelerated weathering procedure.…”

Section: Accelerated Ageing Of Test Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical observations were noted as a first stage and a means of initial assessment for impact of accelerated and natural weathering on the exposed samples. Signs observed visually can lead to the early detection of deterioration and can indicate the severity of the weathering tests conducted [7]. The aim of the test as per the proposed workplan of this research, is to test the specimens after one year of continuous natural weathering at both sites.…”

Section: Degressive Behaviour and Physical Deteriorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When these polymers are exposed to the natural weather and start to degrade due to a negative influence of environment, the process is called weathering [6]. A detailed discussion on the influence of UV and climatic conditions impact on polymeric materials can be found elsewhere [7]- [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanical Profiling of Commercial Grade Biodegradable Plastic Films Post Exposure to Natural and Accelerated Weathering

Al–Salem

Al-Nasser

Al-Wadi

et al. 2019

Materials and Contact Characterisation IX

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Market standards for plastic products are typically governed by mechanical properties that manufacturers and converters adhere to. However, in the case of biodegradable plastic film products, namely bags used on the market, the standards must convey more environmentally related factors. In this paper, mechanical profiling of three commercial grade market products were tested. The plastic films were deemed biodegradable of oxo-biodegradable nature containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) amongst other prodegradant chemical agents. The evaluation of mechanical properties was conducted in laboratory conditions to determine the impact of exposing the samples to various degradation media, in accordance to ASTM D 882. Experiments were conducted using a universal testing machine (50 kN load cell) set to a 500 mm min-1 test speed. The measured properties included Young's modulus (MPa), ultimate stress (MPa), ultimate strain (%), stress at break (MPa), strain at break (%) and force at break (N). The width and thickness of the film specimens were measured using an internally calibrated Vernier callipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. Processing and cutting variation was minimal between the width and the thickness over the length of some samples accounting for less than 1% of total number of samples measured. The determination of the mechanical properties was conducted post accelerated and natural weathering as per the standard test methods of ASTM D 4329 and ASTM D 5272, respectively. Statistical analysis utilizing the means of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also conducted among the samples exposed to natural weathering with respect to variables of meteorological conditions and primary/secondary airborne pollutants. The change of the mechanical properties has led to the understanding of the response of polymeric films deemed as biodegradable in response to exposure to natural environment, where waste minimization and standard development can be achieved for future mitigation.

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Accelerated aging effects in composites used as repair for pipes in oil industry

et al. 2021

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Composites are often employed as repair materials for steel pipelines in the oil industry. Nevertheless, it is known that polymer matrix composites age through service life due to exposure to environmental factors, leading to a decrease in the durability of these repairs. In this work, alterations in glass fiber–epoxy composites aged for 1440, 2880, and 4320 h were studied in two different aging conditions: an accelerated aging chamber (with alternate cycles of exposure to ultraviolet [UV] radiation and water condensation) and immersed in salt water. The effects of aging in the material were evaluated by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), lap‐shear tests, permeability analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in terms of mass variation. The results show that chemical changes, as well as alterations in mass and fiber exposure, increases in glass transition temperature and permeability, and more pronounced debonding composite/metal after lap‐shear tests, as compared to unaged materials, occurred. In general, the cycles of UV and water condensation were found to be more harmful to the material than aging in salt water, for the same exposure period.

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Investigating the effect of accelerated weathering on the mechanical and physical properties of high content plastic solid waste (PSW) blends with virgin linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)

Cited by 64 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Mechanical Profiling of Commercial Grade Biodegradable Plastic Films Post Exposure to Natural and Accelerated Weathering

Accelerated aging effects in composites used as repair for pipes in oil industry

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