“…Therefore, calculus courses (including multivariable calculus) are often considered as the difficult subject for students (Job & Schneider, 2014;Martínez-Planell, Gonzalez, DiCristina, & Acevedo, 2012;Moru, Nursyahidah & Albab, 2017;Orton, 1983;Santosa, 2013). In general, there are at least three sources of learning difficulties in mathematics (Debue & Leemput, 2014;Khateeb, 2008;Sweller, 2008), that comes from mathematics itself, the way the material of mathematics is delivered, and cognitive difficulties in forming the schema when dealt with new information.…”