Inventaire et caractérisation des plantes médicinales utilisées en thérapeutique dans le département de la Sanaga Maritime: Ndom, Ngambe et Pouma

Abstract

Objective: In order to contribute to the knowledge of medicinal plants used for diseases treatments and symptoms affecting rural populations of the Sanaga Maritime division, ethnobotanical and ethno pharmacological investigations have been carried. Methodology and results: Only people aged between 29-70 years with a confirmed knowledge of medicinal plants and their usage in curing and willing to take part of the study have been interviewed. The study realized in 94 homes allowed making an inventory of 94 vegetable species belonging to 92 genera and 54 families. The most representative were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae respectively 9 and 6 for the two others. Among those species, 10 genera have been the most representative namely: Aframomum, Alchornea, Allium, Carica, Citrus, Entandrophragma, Ocimum, Solanum, Urera and Vernonia in the following proportions 14% for Allium and Ocimum and 9% for others. Ecological parameters of plants species allowed the identification of 12 types of biotopes with 28.85% species harvested and 21.15% species of primary forests. Sixteen phytogeographical types have been listed to with 24.04% of "pantropicales", 20.19% "Afro tropicales" and 19.23% "guineo congolaises". Exploited species have been in majority herbaceous 37.50%, followed respectively by trees and shrubs with 29.81% and 27.88%. Sarcochores and Slerochores were the high majority of diaspores with the following proportions 43.27% and 13.46%. Decoction and maceration have been the preparation method most used by traditional practitioners with 27.46% and 23.94%. The oral route was the most used for the administration of medicinal plants recipes. 80 recipes have been retained for the treatment of diseases and symptoms affecting people of this division. The consensus factor permitted to confirm that troubles caused by protozoa and mycoses were raging in that division with 0.71 and 0.50 respectively. Have been identified as secondary metabolites: alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. Leaves represented the most used part for the preparation of recipes. Conclusion and applications of results:The usage of medicinal plants by African people and others in the world for the multiple diseases pushed researchers to explore this way to find new molecules.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants for treatment of diabetes and hypertension used in communities near Fathala Forest, Senegal

“…It appears through surveys that after the leaves, the bark (26,67%) and the roots (10,42%) were the main plant parts used. According to Nga et al (2016), secondary metabolites are compounds that can be contained in some of the plant parts as well as in all organs. However, the use of vital organs represents a significant portion (20,84%) parts of the plant removed.…”

Etude ethnobotanique et phytochimique des plantes médicinales utilisées dans le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires à Moundou (Tchad)

“…Beunon (2011) à cet effet note que les Fabaceae Caesalpinoideae, Fabaceae Mimosoideae et Combretaceae sont les familles dominantes dans la zone de Pala au Tchad, ce qui indiquerait la valorisation de la flore par la population pour leurs divers besoins. Quelques espèces végétales identifiées dans la zone pour le traitement du diabète ont été également rapportées par d'autres auteurs : Persea americana au Cameroun (Nga et al, 2016) ;…”

“…Le brassage des moeurs des populations entraîne parfois des changements dans la manière de faire et de vivre (Mapongmetsem, 2005). La décoction est le mode généralement le plus pratiqué en médecine traditionnelle, il a par ailleurs été noté par plusieurs auteurs avec, entre autres, Nga et al (2016), Yapi et al (2015), Yedomonhan et al (2012), Béné et al (2016) et Diarra et al (2016). Les recettes des préparations sont monospécifiques ou en association de plusieurs espèces (plurispecifiques), ce qui permettrait d'après Bebbe (2006), de compléter et de renforcer l'efficacité du médicament.…”

“…L'abondance des précipités chimiques dans les différents organes des plantes médicinales utilisées témoignent ainsi leur utilisation par les différents groupes. Mariam (2006), Nga et al (2016) et Yapi et al (2015) rapportent aussi que les saponosides, les tanins notamment les tanins catéchiques, les stérols, terpènes, alcaloïdes, les flavonoïdes ont été présents dans les plantes utilisées dans le traitement traditionnel. Les tanins sont reconnus pour leur pouvoir de fixation aux protéines avec tendances à l'imperméabilité des couches sous-jacentes (Sambo, 2006).…”

Impact of Landscape and Season on the Ecological Distribution of Tabanidae and Stomoxyinae, Mechanical Vectors of Bovine Trypanosomosis in the Forest of Sanaga Maritime and Savanna of Ngaoundere, Cameroon

“…Minimum average temperature was 22.5°C in July and maximum average temperature was 34.6°C in April. It is situated at an altitude of 35 m a.s.l with a vast hydrographic network of which river Sanaga is one of the most important rivers [25]. The wildlife fauna is well represented; due to the presence of the Douala-Edea Forest Reserve (DEFR) that houses several animal species.…”