RESUMELes radicaux libres étant impliqués dans la genèse de plusieurs maladies, l'intérêt porté à la recherche d'antioxydants naturels a considérablement augmenté ces dernières années. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'activité antioxydante des extraits hydro-éthanoliques des feuilles et écorces de Piliostigma thonningii. La détermination de la teneur en polyphénols a été effectuée par la méthode de Folin Denis. L'activité antiradicalaire a été évaluée par les tests de réduction du DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) et de l'ABTS (acide 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-éthylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonique)). Le pouvoir réducteur vis-à-vis de l'ion ferrique a été également évalué. Il ressort de ces tests que les écorces sont environ deux fois plus riches en polyphénols que les feuilles. Les CI50 des extraits des écorces et des feuilles sur DPPH sont respectivement de 46,8 ± 5,77 µg/ml et 138,9 ± 2,03 µg/ml. Concernant le test ABTS les CI50 des deux extraits sont 39,3 ± 1,00 µg/ml et 109 ± 6,25 µg/ml respectivement. Le pouvoir réducteur des écorces est supérieur à celui des feuilles à toutes les concentrations testées. Donc les écorces présentent une activité antioxydante meilleure que celle des feuilles de cette plante. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Piliostigma thonningii, activité antioxydante, phénols totaux.Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of hydro-ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of Piliostigma thonningii Schumach ABSTRACT Free radicals are involved in the genesis of several diseases, what makes increasing research for natural antioxidants in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the hydro-ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of Piliostigma thonningii. The polyphenol content was determined with Folin Denis reagent. The antiradical activity was evaluated using S. I. M. DIENG et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(2): 768-776, 2017 769 DPPH (2, 2-dipheny l-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) reduction tests. The reducing power was also performed using ferric reducing. (FRAP). All experiments were done in triplicate. From these tests, it appears that the bark is approximately twice as rich in polyphenols as the leaves.The IC50 of the bark and leaf extracts on DPPH are respectively 46.8 ± 5.77 μg/ml and 138.9 ± 2.03 μg/ml. On ABTS test, bark and leaf extracts had exhibited scavenger activity with respective IC50 values 39.3 ± 1.00 μg / ml and 109 ± 6.25 μg / ml. Reducing power of bark extract was higher than that of leaf extract at all tested concentrations. Therefore, the bark exhibits a better antioxidant activity than that of the leaves of this plant.

Context and objective As elsewhere, disadvantaged children in Senegal are those most affected by dental diseases and difficulties in obtaining dental care. Studies conducted mainly in developed countries suggest that a low level of mothers' OHL is correlated with poor oral health of their children. The objective of this study is to estimate the level of mothers' OHL in Senegal and its relationto the dental health of their children. Methods This cross-sectional epidemiological survey took place among 315 children aged from 3 to 9 years old and their mothers. It estimated the children's dental health status by clinical examination which used a disposable examination kit and a headlamp, took place at the child's home, in the mother's presence. Examiners interviewing the mothers administered the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire to determine their OHL and questioned them further about their social characteristics and their children's dental health behaviour. Logistic regression and correlations were used for the statistical analysis. Results The OHL score ranges from 0 to 17; mothers' mean score was 6.5 (±3.1) and 56.5% had a low score (below the median). The prevalence of dental caries in children was 64.8%. Mothers' high OHL is associated with children caries free and low prevalence of dental caries. The logistic regression showed a significantly protective relation between children's dental caries and mothers' high OHL scores (mean score 12-17) (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29-0.88), high educational level (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.76) and a high level of social contact (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.63). The structural analysis showed that OHL was significantly correlated with both the mothers' social position (r = 0.61 and P<0.001) and the children's caries (r =-0.26 and P<0.001).

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Cette étude avait pour objectifs : 1) d’identifier et de caractériser les acteurs impliqués dans la filière des produits à usage médicinal tirés de Cordyla pinnata, Detarium microcarpum et Detarium senegalense au Sénégal; 2) d’analyser l’organisation de cette filière et l’importance des parties utilisées ; 3) d’analyser la commercialisation de ces produits ; 4) d’identifier les forces, faiblesses, opportunités et menaces de la filière. L’échantillonnage en boule de neige a été utilisé et a permis d’interroger, à l’aide de guides d’entretien 13 tradipraticiens locaux, 3 récolteurs et 17 herboristes. Les résultats ont révélé que les acteurs de cette filière, majoritairement des hommes, entretenaient des relations de coopération et qu’ils bénéficiaient de l’appui de la société civile en termes de formation et d’organisation. Les racines et les écorces de Cordyla pinnata et Detarium microcarpum étaient plus utilisées tandis que celles de Detarium senegalense étaient peu commercialisées. Les écorces, les racines et les feuilles étaient vendues entre 0,11 et 0,29Euro/100g. Une partie des écorces était transformée en poudre avant d’être commercialisée chez les herboristes entre 1,05 Euro/100g (pour Cordyla pinnata) et 1,52 Euro/100g (Detarium microcarpum). Les prix étaient plus élevés à Dakar. Les parties tirées de Cordyla pinnata étaient essentiellement utilisés contre les parasitoses intestinales tandis que celles de Detarium microcarpum et dans une moindre mesure celles de Detarium senegalense servaient à soigner les dermatoses. Les faiblesses de cette filière concernaient essentiellement l’exploitation anarchique de la ressource et la raréfaction saisonnière de certains produits tandis que l’éloignement des sites d’approvisionnement menaçait son bon fonctionnement. Mots clés : produits à usage médicinal, Cordyla pinnata, Detarium microcarpum, Detarium senegalense, filière, Sénégal.

(FCA) highlighted species-organ relationships. Frequency of citations, fidelity index, selling price were used to show the socioeconomic importance of the species. Results identified 62 edible species belonging to 31 families and 54 genera. These species were dominated by Annonaceae, Apocynaceae and generic diversity was more pronounced among Anacardiaceae. Identified species were mainly used for food (53%), energy (16%), technology (12%) and medicinal purposes (12%). The FCA showed three organ-use groups with a strong correlation between fruit and root on the one hand and leaf, bark and wood on the other. The study also identified 16 commercialized species. The fruit was the main organ consumed and marketed. The highest number of organs commercialized were recorded for Elaeis guineensis (4 organs) and Borassus aethiopium (3). These products, often collected and sold by women and children, came from villages and transited to markets through the "bana bana". Their prices depended on the locality isolation and the production period. These results open up perspectives for better management of the supply and commercialization of these forest resources.

Rabies is still a public health problem in Senegal. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on rabies among human and animal health professionals. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in the Kaffrine district. Data were collected from 28 June to 01 July 2021. An exhaustive recruitment was done, and the final sample size was 95 health professionals. R software was used for descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses. Health professionals with sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes and good practices in relation to rabies represented 35.8%, 26.3% and 45.3% of the study respectively. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that professionals who worked in urban areas (AOR = 11.10; 95% CI = [3.50–41.69]) and who worked in animal health (AOR = 7.45; 95% CI = [1.16–70.40]) were more likely to have sufficient knowledge about rabies. Professionals with tertiary education (AOR = 12.40; CI95% = [1.80–268.00]) and with sufficient knowledge (AOR = 3.41; CI95% = [1.01–12.70]) were more likely to have a positive attitude about rabies. Professionals with a positive attitude about rabies (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI = [1.08–10.70]) were more likely to have a good practice when presented with an animal bite case. These results suggest that improving health professionals’ knowledge about rabies is essential in order to influence their attitudes and practices against rabies.