Objective: In order to contribute to the knowledge of medicinal plants used for diseases treatments and symptoms affecting rural populations of the Sanaga Maritime division, ethnobotanical and ethno pharmacological investigations have been carried. Methodology and results: Only people aged between 29-70 years with a confirmed knowledge of medicinal plants and their usage in curing and willing to take part of the study have been interviewed. The study realized in 94 homes allowed making an inventory of 94 vegetable species belonging to 92 genera and 54 families. The most representative were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae respectively 9 and 6 for the two others. Among those species, 10 genera have been the most representative namely: Aframomum, Alchornea, Allium, Carica, Citrus, Entandrophragma, Ocimum, Solanum, Urera and Vernonia in the following proportions 14% for Allium and Ocimum and 9% for others. Ecological parameters of plants species allowed the identification of 12 types of biotopes with 28.85% species harvested and 21.15% species of primary forests. Sixteen phytogeographical types have been listed to with 24.04% of "pantropicales", 20.19% "Afro tropicales" and 19.23% "guineo congolaises". Exploited species have been in majority herbaceous 37.50%, followed respectively by trees and shrubs with 29.81% and 27.88%. Sarcochores and Slerochores were the high majority of diaspores with the following proportions 43.27% and 13.46%. Decoction and maceration have been the preparation method most used by traditional practitioners with 27.46% and 23.94%. The oral route was the most used for the administration of medicinal plants recipes. 80 recipes have been retained for the treatment of diseases and symptoms affecting people of this division. The consensus factor permitted to confirm that troubles caused by protozoa and mycoses were raging in that division with 0.71 and 0.50 respectively. Have been identified as secondary metabolites: alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. Leaves represented the most used part for the preparation of recipes. Conclusion and applications of results:The usage of medicinal plants by African people and others in the world for the multiple diseases pushed researchers to explore this way to find new molecules.
. Published online at www.m.elewa.org on 31 st May 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v113i1.12 RESUME Objectif : Dans le but de contribuer à la connaissance de certaines plantes médicinales et à leurs usages traditionnels sur certains symptômes, une enquête a été réalisée dans trois villages du département du Haut Nyong (région de l'Est). Matériel et Résultats : L'enquête s'est effectuée auprès de 90 personnes sans distinction d'âge et de sexe. Celles-ci ont été soumises à un questionnaire donnant toutes les informations relatives aux plantes médicinales en langue française ou locale (maka'a). Les données concernant les détails des recettes ont été collectées selon les fiches proposées par la banque de données de médecine traditionnelle et pharmacopée (PHARMEL). Les échantillons ont été récoltés et conservés selon la technique de Schnell. L'identification s'est faite à l'Herbier National du Cameroun. Les données recueillies ont été analysées statistiquement et traitées par le logiciel XLSTAT. Les caractérisations écologiques puis pharmacologiques des espèces végétales ont été réalisées via la revue bibliographique. Quatre-vingt-dix espèces végétales au total ont été identifiées et réparties en 83 genres et 47 familles, la plus représentée a été celle des Euphorbiaceae (10 espèces). Les types phytogéographiques afrotropicales ont été les plus cités. Les sarcochores ont été les types de diaspores dominants et la zoochorie a été le mode de dissémination le plus répandu. Seulement deux plantes recensées montrent une fréquence de citation supérieure ou égale à 50% ; il s'agit de Euphorbia hirta (51%) et Manihot esculenta (51%). Les espèces recensées entrent dans la préparation de 100 recettes. La décoction a été le mode de préparation le plus pratiquée, et la feuille l'organe végétal le plus utilisé. Les plantes citées pourraient contenir pour la plupart des alcaloïdes, les tanins et les flavonoïdes. Conclusion et Application des résultats : La valorisation de ces plantes et la détermination du profil de santé des populations locales du département du Haut-Nyong nécessite la mise en place des unités de transformations modernes spécialisées dans la fabrication des nouveaux médicaments. This survey was conducted among 90 individuals regardless of age and sex discrimination. They were subjected to a questionnaire giving all the information relating to medicinal plants in french or local language (maka'a). Data concerning details of revenue collected by the cards offered by traditional medicine database and pharmacopoeia (PHARMEL). Samples were collected and stored according to Schnell technique. The identification was made at the National Herbarium of Cameroon. The collected data were statistically analyzed and processed by the XLSTAT software. Environmental and pharmacological characterization of plant species were carried out via the literature review. Ninety plant species in total were identified and divided into 83 genera and 47 families, most represented was that of Euphorbiaceae (10 species). Afrotropical Phytog...
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