Invasive Salmonellosis in Urban Thai Children

Punpanich, Warunee; Netsawang, Supichaya; Thippated, Chalermpon

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31825894b0

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Previous studies have identified invasive Salmonella infection among children with pneumonia, including a study from Thailand that identified cases with radiographic evidence of pulmonary infiltrates. 35,36 Even under ideal testing conditions, only a fraction of bacterial pneumonia cases are bacteremic. Based on a pneumococcal conjuGAte vaccine probe study in South africa, only 3.4% of pneumococcal clinical pneumonia cases had positive blood cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children Younger Than 5 Years in Rural Thailand

Hasan¹,

Rhodes

Thamthitiwat

et al. 2014

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background Pneumonia remains a leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality globally. Comprehensive incidence, epidemiologic and etiologic data are needed to update prevention and control strategies. Methods We conducted active, population-based surveillance for hospitalized cases of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) among children <5 years of age in rural thailand. ALRI cases were systematically sampled for an etiology study that tested nasopharyngeal specimens by polymerase chain reaction; children without ALRI were enrolled as controls from outpatient clinics. Results We identified 28,543 hospitalized ALRI cases from 2005 to 2010. Among the 49% with chest radiographs, 63% had findings consistent with pneumonia as identified by 2 study radiologists. The hospitalized ALRI incidence rate was 5772 per 100,000 child-years (95% confidence interval: 5707, 5837) and was higher in boys versus girls (incidence rate ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.35–1.41) and in children 6–23 months of age versus other age groups (incidence rate ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.69–1.84). Viruses most commonly detected in ALRI cases were respiratory syncytial virus (19.5%), rhinoviruses (18.7%), bocavirus (12.8%) and influenza viruses (8%). Compared with controls, ALRI cases were more likely to test positive for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3 (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Bloodstream infections, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontyphoidal Salmonella, accounted for 1.8% of cases. Conclusions Our findings underscore the high burden of hospitalization for ALRI and the importance of viral pathogens among children in Thailand. Interventions targeting viral pathogens coupled with improved diagnostic approaches, especially for bacteria, are critical for better understanding of ALRI etiology, prevention and control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children Younger Than 5 Years in Rural Thailand

Hasan¹,

Rhodes

Thamthitiwat

et al. 2014

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Although asymptomatic carriage of NTS is thought to occur infrequently (0.15% in healthy adults, 3.9% in children [89]) clinical reports indicate that NTS may have the potential for longer-term human carriage. As with S. Typhi, there is a distinct delay between the resolution of disease symptoms and clearance of NTS from the body, and reports of extended NTS shedding by convalescent patients are common (<28 days to >55 days [90, 91]). Interestingly, administration of antibiotics does not facilitate clearance of infection in these patients [92], and may actually increase duration of asymptomatic shedding [93].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical findings have implied long-term, relapsing infection reminiscent of carriage, and epidemiology studies indicate direct human-to-human transmission [96]. Hepatobiliary pathology is a sequela of acute NTS disease [97, 98], and abnormalities of the biliary tree have been implicated as a predisposing factor to development of iNTS in children [91], implying that bacterial colonization of this organ may be a factor in invasive NTS as well.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella chronic carriage: epidemiology, diagnosis, and gallbladder persistence

Gunn

Marshall

Baker

et al. 2014

Trends in Microbiology

249

242

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Typhoid (enteric fever) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing over 21 million new infections annually, with the majority of deaths occurring in young children. As typhoid fever-causing Salmonella have no known environmental reservoir, the chronic, asymptomatic carrier state is thought to be a key feature of continued maintenance of the bacterium within human populations. In spite of the importance of this disease to public health, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that catalyze carriage, as well as our ability to reliably identify and treat the Salmonella carrier state, have only recently begun to advance.

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“…From those, 443 patients were younger than 14 years and only one of them presented with joint involvement 5 . Other retrospective studies have demonstrated an association between invasive disease caused by Salmonella spp and immunosuppression, as well as age younger than 5 years (especially younger than one year), hematological malignancies, biliary diseases, and thalassemia 6,7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Septic arthritis caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Rubislaw: A case report

Tassinari

Romaneli

Pereira

et al. 2019

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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An eleven-year-old boy presented with fever and hip pain, with limited mobility of the right side of the hip. Computed tomography scan revealed an increased volume of the right coxo-femoral joint, requiring surgical drainage of purulent secretion, from which Salmonella enterica was isolated. After four weeks of treatment with third-generation cephalosporin, he was discharged with a favorable evolution. Invasive disease caused by Salmonella spp represents a small proportion of salmonellosis cases, although it is responsible for greater rates of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality. Children under 5 years, elders over 60 years and immunodeficient patients have greater risk for invasive salmonellosis.

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Invasive Salmonellosis in Urban Thai Children

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Incidence and Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children Younger Than 5 Years in Rural Thailand

Incidence and Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalized Children Younger Than 5 Years in Rural Thailand

Salmonella chronic carriage: epidemiology, diagnosis, and gallbladder persistence

Septic arthritis caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Rubislaw: A case report

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