Invasions biologiques et préservation de la biodiversité

Pascal, Michel; Guyader, Hervé Le; Simberloff, Daniel

doi:10.20506/rst.29.2.1985

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The impact of alien mites affecting agricultural production has been generally measured by the ecological consequences and threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but the evaluation of the effects of these species on human health has been in part neglected (MEA, 2005;Pascal et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bugs, ants, wasps, moths and other insect species.

Roques¹,

Preda²,

Augustin³

et al. 2018

Invasive Species and Human Health

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A total of 43 insect species non-native to Europe are so far considered to affect human welfare through their biting, urticating and allergenic properties, or by causing domestic nuisances. They involve several orders. In Hymenoptera, species in two families, Formicidae (ants) and Vespidae (wasps and hornets), are known to cause disturbance and health problems. Several moth species (Lepidoptera) have urticating larvae which may induce painful urticarial and allergic reactions. Bugs in five Hemipteran families have direct impacts on health, such as bed bugs and kissing bugs, which are vectors of pathogens, but most are considered to be household pests, causing nuisances to people when invading houses or aggregating on walls. Several non-native species of cockroaches that develop in synanthropic habitats have body parts, saliva or faeces containing powerful indoor allergens, and they can also facilitate mechanical transmission of pathogens to humans. Some species of Siphonaptera (fleas) and Phthiraptera (lice), which are obligate ectoparasitic insects of warm-blooded animals, are of high importance for human health because they cause itches and skin infection, and transmit major diseases such as bubonic plague and murine typhus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bugs, ants, wasps, moths and other insect species.

Roques¹,

Preda²,

Augustin³

et al. 2018

Invasive Species and Human Health

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“…Although the eradication or the contention of invasive species dispersal is a huge task in freshwater systems, actions should be taken as soon as the presence of an invader is noticed. According to Pascal et al (2010) the eradication of invasive species offers opportunities for both, understanding their impacts on native species and to understand how ecosystems function. They suggest that biological invasions events could be used as experiments, thus providing opportunities for more realistic insights on relevant ecological questions.…”

Section: Conclusion and Proposal Of Management Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Invaders in São Paulo State Reservoirs

et al. 2011

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Freshwaters are among the most vulnerable ecosystems regarding biological invasions. Reservoirs built after the last half century in São Paulo State have been continuously subjected to the introduction and establishment of alien species, both exotic and allochtonous. Here we present a short historical and the present status of some recent, still going on, biological invasion processes, for both, invertebrate and vertebrates, with emphasis on Tietê River basin. Among reservoir communities, the zooplankton has the lowest number of established exotic species, with 4 species: the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia lumnholtzi, the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops ogunnus and the rotifer Kellikotia bostoniensis. Among the macroinvertebrate communities there is a fast ongoing invasion by three exotic species of mollusks, the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, the African-Asian gastropod, Melanoides tuberculata, and the golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, this latter a cause of greatest concern. However by far the community most affected by introduction of alien species is the ichthyofauna. In reservoirs of Tietê, Paranapanema and Rio Grande rivers, the main tributaries of the Upper Parana basin, the relative proportion of alien species vary approximately between 10 and 25% of the total number of species. Most introductions were derived from anthropic activities, either from direct local introduction, the so called peixamento or by accidental escape from nearby fish farming installations. Some species have profound effects on the structure of the fish community, as recently happened in Lobo (Broa) reservoir after the introduction of the Cichla kelberi. The African Sarotherodon niloticus and Tilapia rendalli and the allochtonous Plagioscion squamosissimus became the dominant species in many São Paulo state reservoirs. The complex interaction between biological invasions, water pollution and eutrophication, is the possible cause for many native species extinction going on in São Paulo State rivers and cascade of reservoirs. At short time and local scale, management actions are urgently required to eradicate or minimize the impact of exotic species in the reservoirs, especially in the small ones, and at longer time and larger scales, education and law enforcement are essential tools for both prevention of new introductions and management to the already existing problems.

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“…Les synthèses sur les invasions biologiques en général et celles en milieu insulaire en particulier ont donné lieu à partir des années 1950 à une abondante littérature, principalement en langue anglaise. On pourra notamment citer Elton (1958), Brown (1989), Cushman (1995), Williamson (1996), Shea & Chesson (2002) mais aussi en langue française Pascal, Le Guyader & Simberloff (2010). Par ailleurs des revues scientifiques spécialisées ont récemment vu le jour, facilitant les publications d'innombrables équipes de recherche.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Cet exemple est significatif des besoins de populations attachées à la pratique d'une chasse assurément plus alimentaire que celle pratiquée dans les îles aujourd'hui. Dans les deux cas, les humains sont responsables de la diffusion d'animaux susceptibles d'occuper de nouveaux territoires et de s'y multiplier aux détriments d'espèces locales (Pascal, Le Guyader & Simberloff, 2010). En Corse, le processus de colonisation d'îles par du gibier choisi par les hommes aurait commencé au Néolithique (Ruas & Vigne, 1994).…”

Section: -Des Modes D'introduction Des Invasifs Et De Leurs Impactsunclassified

La diversité biologique insulaire à l’épreuve de la faune exotique envahissante

Lebigre¹

2016

dynenviron

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La plupart des îles de formation ancienne éloignées des continents ont la particularité de recéler une biodiversité exceptionnelle mais a priori vulnérable, à l'échelle des écosystèmes comme à celle des espèces. De ce point de vue, il est plus aisé de mettre l'accent sur les îles « vraies » que d'opposer des petites et des grandes îles. Les milieux insulaires sont depuis les premières vagues de peuplement humain mis à l'épreuve par l'introduction de nombreuses espèces exotiques animales et végétales. C'est aux premières que nous nous intéressons. La coexistence des espèces natives et des espèces allochtones donne lieu à de multiples scénarios. Les impacts de ces espèces animales se font sentir aussi bien sur les activités humaines que dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes et sur les paysages. Si le phénomène à une échelle de temps long a été à l'origine de spéciations (cas célèbre des pinsons de Darwin), il est surtout la cause d'une perte rapide de biodiversité. Comme dans tous les milieux insulaires, il est important aujourd'hui de savoir comment gérer efficacement les impacts de la faune invasive. Plusieurs organismes s'y emploient. Biological diversity on the islands invasive exotic wildlife Most ancient and far from continent islands have the particularity of having an exceptional but a priori vulnerable biodiversity, on the scale of ecosystems as of species. From this point of view, it is easier to focus on "real" islands than opposing small and large islands. From the former waves of human settlement, island environments are disrupted by the introduction of many exotic animal and plant species. The coexistence of native and allochtone animal species gives rise to a multitude of scenarii. The impact of the introduction of new species are felt both on human activities and on the functionning of ecosystems and of landscapes. If the long time scale phenomenon has been the cause of speciation (famous case of Darwin's Finches), it mostly results in a sharp decline in biodiversity. Like in all island environments, it is urgent today to know how ti manage effectively impacts of invasive fauna. Several organizations are doing so.

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Invasions biologiques et préservation de la biodiversité

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

Bugs, ants, wasps, moths and other insect species.

Bugs, ants, wasps, moths and other insect species.

Animal Invaders in São Paulo State Reservoirs

La diversité biologique insulaire à l’épreuve de la faune exotique envahissante

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