Introduction to polymeric gels

Nayak, Amit Kumar; Das, B. Krishna

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102179-8.00001-6

Cited by 70 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In recent years, stimulus-responsive hydrogels that can exhibit reversible volume and/or shape responses to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, light, electric fields, ionic strength, presence of specific ions, antigens, and glucose, 1 have gained substantial interest and attention for a variety of potential applications, such as components of drug delivery systems, microfluidic devices, tissue implants, contact lenses, and chemo-mechanical sensors and actuators. 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target-Specific Superparamagnetic Hydrogel with Excellent pH Sensitivity and Reversibility: A Promising Platform for Biomedical Applications

2020

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Superparamagnetism has been widely used for many biomedical applications, such as early detection of inflammatory cancer and diabetes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, etc., whereas incorporation of superparamagnetism in stimulus-responsive hydrogels has now gained substantial interest and attention for application in these fields. Recently, pH-responsive superparamagnetic hydrogels showing the potential use in disease diagnosis, biosensors, polymeric drug carriers, and implantable devices, have been developed based on the fact that pH is an important environmental factor in the body and some disease states manifest themselves by a change in the pH value. However, improvement in pH sensitivity of magnetic hydrogels is a dire need for their practical applications. In this study, we report the distinctly high pH sensitivity of new synthesized dual-responsive magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites, which was accomplished by copolymerization (free-radical polymerization) of two pH-sensitive monomers, acrylic acid (AA) and vinylsulfonic acid (VSA) with an optimum ratio, in the presence of presynthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 (OH) x ). The monomers contain pH-sensitive functional groups (COO – and SO 3 – for AA and VSA, respectively), and they have also been widely used as biomaterials because of the good biocompatibility. The pH sensitivity of the superparamagnetic hydrogel, poly(acrylic acid- co -vinylsulfonic acid), PAAVSA/Fe 3 O 4 , was investigated by swelling studies at different pH values from pH 7 to 1.4. Distinct pH reversibility of the system was also demonstrated through swelling/deswelling analysis. Thermal stability, chemical configuration, magnetic response, and structural properties of the system have been explored by suitable characterization techniques. Furthermore, the study reveals a pH-responsive significant change in the overall morphology and packing fraction of iron oxide nanoparticles in PAAVSA/Fe 3 O 4 via energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping with the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study (for freeze-dried PAAVSA/Fe 3 O 4 , swelled at different pH values), implying a drastic change in susceptibility and induced saturation magnetization of the system. These important features could be easily utilized for the purpose of diagnosis using magnetic probe and/or impedance analysis techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target-Specific Superparamagnetic Hydrogel with Excellent pH Sensitivity and Reversibility: A Promising Platform for Biomedical Applications

2020

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“…If the solvent is removed slowly at room temperature, a Xerogel is formed. In contrast, if the drying process is performed under supercritical conditions, the Aerogel is obtained [76][77][78].…”

Section: Sol-gel Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Structure Associated with Precious Metals: Influence on Heterogenous Catalytic Process

et al. 2019

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The use of perovskite-based materials and their derivatives can have an important role in the heterogeneous catalytic field based on photochemical processes. Photochemical reactions have a great potential to solve environmental damage issues. The presence of precious metals in the perovskite structure (i.e., Ag, Au, or Pt) may improve its efficiency significantly. The precious metal may comprise the perovskite lattice as well as form a heterostructure with it. The efficiency of catalytic materials is directly related to processing conditions. Based on this, this review will address the use of perovskite materials combined with precious metal as well as their processing methods for the use in catalyzed reactions.

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“…Among different environmental stimuli, smart hydrogels are also responsive to sound or ultrasound 166,167 . Ultrasound refers to the sound beyond the limit of human hearing and has applications in many fields such as cleaning, mixing, and imaging 168,169 .…”

Section: Synthesis Of Sound Responsive Hydrogels (Sorhs)mentioning

confidence: 99%