Intrinsic religiousness as a stress-moderator for adult Protestant churchgoers

The Role of Religiosity in Stress, Job Attitudes, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

“…In addition, the current study expanded such research to investigate the relationship between religious variables and the likelihood of engaging in citizenship behavior at work, and to explore the effects of employees' perceived freedom to express their religion in the workplace. In our research, we made an effort to survey individuals of various religious affiliations, as many previous studies included only one affiliation, (most often Christianity) (Batson and Gray, 1981;Hettler and Cohen, 1998;Park et al, 1990). Therefore, the following results are presumed to generalize to ''religiosity'' rather than to one particular religious affiliation.…”

Religiousness and depression: Evidence for a main effect and the moderating influence of stressful life events.

“…Kendler et al (1997) also found that religious devotion buffered the relationship between recent stressful life events and depression. Similarly, Hettler and Cohen (1998) reported a significant interaction effect between intrinsic religiousness and the number of negative life events in predicting symptoms of depression 8 months later, with the positive relationship between negative life events and depression being weaker at higher levels of intrinsic religiousness compared with moderate and low levels of intrinsic religiousness. However, although Strawbridge, Shema, Cohen, Roberts, and Kaplan (1998) reported that both organizational and nonorganizational religiousness buffered nonfamily stress (medical problems, financial problems, etc.…”

Designing a brief measure of social anxiety: Psychometric support for a three-item version of the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS-3)

“…To meet the growing need of brief measures, researchers have developed and validated shorter measures of some of the most widely-studied constructs, including aggression , the Big Five (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003;Rammstedt & John, 2007), the Dark Triad (Jonason & Webster, 2010;Jones & Paulhus, 2014;Webster & Jonason, 2013) impulsivity and sensation seeking (Webster & Crysel, 2012), and narcissism (Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2006). Researchers have even developed singleitem measures of constructs such as attitudes towards advertisements or brands (Bergkvist & Rossiter, 2007), the Big Five (Woods & Hampson, 2005), health status (DeSalvo et al, 2006), job satisfaction (Wanous, Reichers, & Hudy, 1997), life satisfaction (Schimmack & Oishi, 2005), need for consistency (Nichols & Webster, 2014), need to belong (Nichols & Webster, 2013), quality of life (Zimmerman et al, 2006), religious orientation (Hettler & Cohen, 1998), and self-esteem (Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001). The development of shorter scales has reinvigorated research in their respective fields and provided new avenues for researchers to examine these constructs in broader research settings.…”