Background: A pleural biopsy without granulomatous inflammation or tumor cells is interpreted as "non-specific pleuritis" (NSP), a diagnosis without any specificity, often frustrating for physicians. However, varying histological features are found in NSPs with unknown significance. Objectives: To describe the detailed microscopic features of NSP and correlate them with the underlying etiology. Material and methods: 100 patients diagnosed with NSP after pleural biopsy, were retrospectively evaluated. A benign cause of pleural effusion was attributed. Histological features evaluated were inflammation, fibrosis, vascular proliferation, haemorrhage, fibrin, oedema and mesothelial hyperplasia. A semi-quantitative scoring was applied. Results: Bacterial-caused and autoimmune disease-associated NSPs showed the higher score followed by viral and drug-induced conditions, while pneumothorax and cardiac-induced NSP showed the lower score (p<0.0001). The degree of fibrosis was higher in bacterial NSP, and the type of fibrosis was cellular in this group (p=0.006). Vascular proliferation differed between groups (p<0.0001), with bacterial NSP showing the higher one. Conclusion: Histological findings differ significantly between the varying etiologies of NSP, and this may be used to suggest identify the cause of the effusion.