Lipoplatin Formulation Review Article

Abstract

Patented platform technologies have been used for the liposomal encapsulation of cisplatin (Lipoplatin) into tumor-targeted 110 nm (in diameter) nanoparticles. The molecular mechanisms, preclinical and clinical data concerning lipoplatin, are reviewed here. Lipoplatin has been successfully administered in three randomized Phase II and III clinical trials. The clinical data mainly include non-small-cell lung cancer but also pancreatic, breast, and head and neck cancers. It is anticipated that lipoplatin will replace cisplatin as well as increase its potential applications. For the first time, a platinum drug has shown superiority to cisplatin, at least in non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer as reported in a Phase III study which documented a simultaneous lowering of all of the side effects of cisplatin.

Cancer therapy leading to state of cancer metabolism depression for efficient operation of small dosage cytotoxic drugs

“…Ponizovskiy MR, J Cancer Res Ther 2015, 3(3): [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The chemical potentials of both an organism and cells of an organism promoting stability their Interanl Energy and Interal Medium and normal cellular cycle due to normal balance catabolic and anabolic processes defining approximate equilibriums of chemical potentials (μ):…”

“…Ohta T. et al [28] and Stathopoulos GP et al [29] note that the PI3K/Akt cascade displays an important role in the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin.…”

A cisplatin slow-release hydrogel drug delivery system based on a formulation of the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol

“…To implant the hydrogels a small incision was made in the skin of the mice near the tumour, the hydrogels were placed under the skin, which was then resealed with a clamp. Mice were weighed daily to monitor for toxic side effects and used as a general measure of systemic tolerability in the mice; a drop of 10% is used as the maximum tolerated 8 dose with a weight drops less than 10% considered tolerable [15].Tumour volumes on each day were estimated by calliper measurements assuming spherical geometry (volume = d 3 × π/6).…”

“…The first method is through better targeting of the drugs to tumours, thereby leaving healthy tissue unaffected [7]. A number of delivery systems, that target the tumour either passively or actively have been examined, such as: liposomes and micelles [8,9], polymers [10], nanoparticles [11][12][13], nanotubes [14] and dendrimers [15], as well as by the use of various targeting molecules, such as: folate and estrogen [16,17], aptamers [18], antibodies [19], magnetic fields [20] and DNA sequence selective agents [21,22] The second method by which the side effects of platinum drugs can be reduced is to change their pharmacokinetics (where and how a drug is transported and excreted in the body). The two biggest problems with platinum drug pharmacokinetics are their short blood serum halflifes (maximum concentration of cisplatin is achieved in less than 10 min before its serum 4 concentration drops significantly) and the extent of drug-protein binding (up to 90% of cisplatin is protein bound in the blood stream).…”

The Detailed Description Mechanisms of the Herbs Extracts Operations in the New Method Cancer Disease Treatment via the Rearrangement of Metabolism from Pathological Development into Normal Development

“…Hence the acting of cytotoxic drug in contact reaction with MLH1-proficient tumor cells can be greater than with MLH1-deficient tumor cells. Ohta et al [10] and Stathopoulos and Boulikas [11] note that the PI3K/Akt cascade displays an important role in the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin: the inhibition of PI3K/Akt increases the efficacy of cisplatin operation.…”