Intranasal Mupirocin Prophylaxis in Elective Surgery

Abstract

Background: Mupirocin is a natural antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens which is available as a 2% ointment. The drug has been used mainly for topical treatment of the nasal vestibulum in patients carrying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, mupirocin is also active against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. Nasal colonization with S. aureus has been identified as a significant risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI). Methods: Randomized trials and sequential cohort studies investigating mupirocin nasal treatment for prophylaxis of SSI in elective surgery in comparison with placebo or no treatment were found by Medline review and additional manual search. Evaluable studies were analyzed regarding the influence of mupirocin on the rate of all SSIs and, specifically, of SSIs due to S. aureus. The effect in cardiosurgical patients was analyzed in detail. Results: Four randomized and seven sequential open cohort studies were analyzed. Study design and mupirocin application schemes varied considerably. Three out of 5 studies carried out in cardiac surgery patients showed a significant reduction in sternotomy site infections. However, all three studies were open sequential cohort studies. By contrast, the only prospective, randomized, double-blind study in cardiosurgical patients showed no benefit of mupirocin. In other surgical disciplines, results were inconclusive or negative. Two studies specifically addressing the prevention of SSIs due to MRSA showed a significant effect of mupirocin on postsurgical infections due to this organism. Conclusions: Because of the heterogeneity of the studies and the variability of results, no recommendation can be given for the general use of mupirocin in elective surgical patients. Specifically, because of the negative result of a recently published high-quality study, no recommendation can be made for the use of mupirocin in cardiosurgical patients. By contrast, eradication of MRSA before surgery appears to lower SSI rates due to MRSA and is therefore recommended.

Extension of nasal anti-Staphylococcus aureus efficacy of lysostaphin by its incorporation into a chitosan-o/w cream

“…S.aureus is one of the most important pathogens in community and nosocomial, and its infection may lead to life-threatening disease (Peacock et al, 2001;Trautmann et al, 2008). The primary ecological niche for S.aureus in humans is the anterior nares.…”

Resistência à mupirocina entre isolados de Staphylococcus aureus de profissionais de enfermagem

“…Na Alemanha, a eficácia de um programa que preconizava o isolamento e a terapia de descolonização de portadores de MRSA para a redução das infecções foi comprovada. Resultado semelhante foi também observado em UTI de hospitais canadenses (8)(9) .…”

“…Análise genética do mecanismo de resistência de mupirocina em isolados de Staphylococcus aureus mostrou a presença do gene mup A, detectado de um plasmídeo 38kb (8,14) .…”

Are measures against MRSA transmission effective?

“…Kontakt med MRSA-positive beboere Personale med individuelle risikofaktorer for baererskap 29 bør unngå å arbeide med MRSA-positive. Hvis det ikke kan unngås må nødvendige forholdsregler tas.…”

“…Arbeidstakeren må vaere uten individuelle risikofaktorer for baererskap og det må vurderes hva slags arbeidsoppgaver vedkommende kan utføre og hvilke smitteverntiltak som er nødvendig. 29 Med individuelle risikofaktorer for baererskap menes her:…”