Intracellular ciliated protozoal infection in silverlip pearl oysters, Pinctada maxima (Jameson, 1901)

Histological survey of symbionts and other conditions of pod razor clam Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758) in Galicia (NW Spain)

“…Ciliates observed in this study of E. siliqua have been referred in other bivalve species on the Galician coast (Villalba et al, 1997;Carballal et al, 2001;Darriba et al, 2010;López et al, 2011) and around the world (Lauckner, 1983;Xu et al, 1999Xu et al, , 2011Spiers et al, 2008). Ciliates are common inhabitants of bivalve molluscs with few references about associated mortalities (Lauckner, 1983).…”

SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF PARASITES ON MEDITERRANEAN MUSSELS (Mytilus galloprovincialis) AND ECOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE INFECTIONS IN SOUTHERN ALBORAN AREA, MOROCCO

“…Ciliophora-like ciliates are intracellular parasites in the digestive gland, especially inside of diverticula [7,25,26]. After the first publication of observation in the North Sea [25], many authors have confirmed its presence in the Atlantic Ocean [27], in the Mediterranean Sea [28] and in Australian water [29]. Variability of the prevalence through seasons was suggested along the Atlantic coast of Spain [7].…”

“…However, the potential risks of the heamocytic infiltration by these ciliates need to be considered based on the past findings in the bivalves. For example, Spiers, et al [28] found the association between the observed infiltration in oysters producing region of Western Australia. Also, the cause of the heamocytic infiltration in the digestive grand should be investigated considering in the high ratio in this area through the survey years.…”

Molecular characterization and mRNA expression of catalase from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata

“…However, with the rapid development of industry and frequent anthropogenic pollution in the last decades, outbreaks of disease and ocean pollution have affected the pearl aquaculture industry, and lead to heavy economic losses. Pearl oyster has suffered serious disease caused mainly by bacteria (Lau et al, 2006), rickettsia-like organism (Wu and Pan, 1997), parasites (Hine and Thorne, 2000;Spiers et al, 2008) and virus (Suzuki et al, 1998;Kitamura et al, 2000Kitamura et al, , 2002, which could be related to the dramatic decline in South China seawater pearl production. In recent years, to control disease and enhance the yields and quality of seawater pearl, great effort has been done to understand the molecular mechanism of immune regulation of pearl oyster, and some immune-relevant factors have been identified and characterized from pearl oyster (Zhang et al, 2009a(Zhang et al, ,b,c, 2010.…”