Histological survey of symbionts and other conditions of pod razor clam Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758) in Galicia (NW Spain)

Withdrawn: “A health status survey of clams, Mya arenaria and Ensis siliqua, in the Irish Sea”

“…protozoans, have been documented in this species on the Atlantic west coast (Brousseau & Baglivo, 1991;Dungan et al, 2002;Earle & Crisley, 1975 (Perez, 2011;Ruiz et al, 2013).…”

Neoplastic diseases of marine bivalves

“…In razor clams, DN was reported in the grooved razor shell Solen marginatus (López et al, 2011) and in the pod razor clam Ensis siliqua (Ruiz et al, 2013a) from Galicia. Prevalence ranged from 1% to 25% in affected populations of S. marginatus (Ruiz et al, 2015), while only one case (out of 311 analyzed clams; prevalence: 0.3%) was detected in E. siliqua (Ruiz et al, 2013a).…”

“…The highest prevalence was found in these two species, although the disease was reported in 14 species of bivalves including bay scallops Argopecten irradians (Peters et al, 1994). More recently, gonadal neoplasias have been described in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis (Alonso et al, 2001), razor clams, Ensis magnus (=arcuatus) (Darriba et al, 2006) and Ensis siliqua (Ruiz et al, 2013a), and the invasive mussel, Xenostrobus securis (Pascual et al, 2010).…”

Parasites, pathological conditions and resistance to Marteilia cochillia in lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from Galicia (NW Spain)

“…Rickettsia-like organisms have also been detected at low infection intensity in common cockles C. edule from Galicia (Carballal et al 2001, Ordás & Figueras 2005. Observation of intracellular basophilic colonies of prokaryotic organisms is frequent in histological sections of marine bivalve molluscs, mostly in branchial and digestive epithelia; such structures have been reported as Rickettsia-like, Chlamydia-like or Mycoplasma-like organisms (Cajaraville & Angulo 1991, Darriba et al 2012, Ruiz et al 2013; determining the type of microorganism involved usually requires examination with TEM. Most reports have not been associated with serious host damage; however, Rickettsia-like infections have been linked with mortalities in some bivalve species (Le Gall et al 1988, Norton et al 1993, Villalba et al 1999, and even infection with the rickettsia 'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis' causes mass mortalities of abalones (gastropod molluscs, Haliotis spp.)…”

“…Another unidentified coccidian-like organism that caused no serious histological damage was observed in the gills of lagoon cockles; this organism was found in more sampled beds than were the organisms infecting the kidney. No reports of coccidians infecting gills of cockles were included in the review by Longshaw & Malham (2013); a coccidian-like protist was seen in the gills of razor clams Ensis siliqua (Ruiz et al 2013).…”