“…In North America, Montreal's strongly decentralized system of boroughs is a unique case (Hamel, ) . In Europe, however, many cities have experimented with sub‐local decentralization to different extents (Bäck, Gjelstrup, Helgesen, Johansson, & Klausen, ; Hacek & Grabner, ; Lõhmus, ; Ostaaijen, Gianoli, & Coulson, ; Röber & Schröter, ; Swianiewicz, ).…”