Intervention of antagonistic bacteria as a potential inducer of disease resistance in tomato to mitigate early blight

Combining Biocontrol Agent With Plant Nutrients for Integrated Control of Tomato Early Blight Through the Modulation of Physio-Chemical Attributes and Key Antioxidants

“…Pure culture of B. subtilis (LC425129.1) was procured from the Environmental Plant Pathology Lab, isolated from the rhizospheric soil of the chickpea plant. On the basis of previous studies ( Awan and Shoaib, 2019 ; Shoaib et al, 2019 ), BS-01 was used as a potential biocontrol agent. Microbial suspension of B. subtilis (BS-01) was prepared by harvesting bacterial cells in ice-cold 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 6.8) from a 24-h-old pure bacterial culture grown in Luria–Bertani agar (1% tryptone, 1% NaCl 1%, 0.5% yeast extract 0.5% with pH 7.5).…”

“…A field experiment was conducted on the research land located at 01°30′15″N 74°18′23″ E, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. The same EB susceptible tomato genotype “Miracle” was used in the field experiment as used in previous studies ( Awan et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Awan and Shoaib, 2019 ; Shoaib et al, 2019 ; Shoaib and Awan, 2020 ). Likewise, on the basis of previous results of pot bioassays reported by Awan and Shoaib (2019) , Shoaib et al (2019) , B. subtilis (BS-01) was selected along with the plant nutrients, viz ., Zn (2X: 10 kg acre –1 ) and NPK (64:46:50 kg acre –1 ) to manage tomato EB in a susceptible tomato genotype via field trial.…”

“…Therefore, there is a need to evolve crave alternative disease management approaches that would be supportive of sustainable agriculture without disturbing the environment. Bacteria-based biocontrol agents are powerful, bio-safer, and sustainable alternatives for profitable agricultural productivity, whereas specific strains of Bacillus subtilis have been proved effective in controlling many fungal diseases including EB disease because of the broad-spectrum activity of their antibiotics ( Awan et al, 2019 ; Shoaib et al, 2019 ). Although plant disease resilience and tolerance are mainly related to genetics, they are affected by the environment and especially by mineral nutrients that are directly involved in plant defense as structural components (e.g., thickness of cell walls) and metabolic regulators (e.g., antioxidants, phytoalexins, and flavonoids ( Dordas, 2008 ).…”

Assessment of mutant tomato lines as a starting material for breeding varieties resistant to Alternaria alternata

“…Tomato is infected with up to 200 diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, nematodes and fungi. The most common and economically significant disease affecting tomato at all stages of the growing season is considered to be alternaria caused by the Alternaria fungi ( Gannibal, 2011 , Gannibal et al, 2011 , Tewari and Vishunavat, 2012 , Shoaib et al, 2019 ). In Russia, Alternaria species are extremely widespread and very diverse ( Gannibal, 2011 , Gannibal et al, 2011 , Gannibal et al, 2011 , Gannibal, 2011 , Orina, 2011 ).…”

Influence of a biological fungicide on the development and spreading of Alternaria alternata on vegetable crops

“…These crops are damaged with up to 200 diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, nematodes and fungi. The most common and economically significant disease is considered to be alternaria, which is caused by Alternaria fungi [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”