The resistance of mutant tomato lines to the main diseases upon the provocative infectious background was assessed. We used as experimental material 22 lines of the tomato genetic collection of the FSBSI ARRIBPP, Krasnodar. According to the results of assessing the damage by Alternaria sp. in the field it was found that line 41 exhibitted high resistance, there were no signs of disease damage. Mutant lines 80, 387, 434, 568, 620 showed resistance, the degree of the disease development varied within 1–8 %. Lines 172, 467, 509, 518 with a degree of development of 12–23 % were characterized by semi-resistance. Lines 41, 387 showed high resistance to P. infestans. No visible signs of damage by P. infestans were detected in these genotypes. Lines 341, 509, 518, 568 had semi-resistance to the pathogen, the degree of development varied from 10 to 18 %. The genotypes Mo 41 and 387 that showed high and relatively high resistance to Alternaria sp. and P. infestans are of the greatest interest for breeding and genetic work as sources of group resistance.
The biological and chemical protection system’s influence on the soil mycological composition, potato plant biometric indicators, yield structural indicators, productivity, as well as the potato tuber quality has been studied. It was determined that after the biological protection system application, the genus Penicillium fungi number decreased by 4 times, the genus Aspergillus – more than 2 times, Trichoderma sp. content – 2.5 times. There was an increase in the stem number in the variant with biological protection by more than 2 times, compared with the control, and by 25%, compared with the chemical protection variant. The plant height in the two variants was 6.4-7.3 % higher than the control values. The potato tuber total number per bush in the biological protection variant increased by 40 %, and the tuber mass increased by 12.4-61.7% in comparison with other variants. The yield increase was 157.3 c/ha (50.4%) and 128.0 c/ha (39%) for the biological and chemical systems, respectively. The nitrate amount was within the normal range in all variants. The vitamin C highest content was noted in the variant with the biological protection application (9.3 mg/100 g of raw substance). The starch amount varied from 20.8% to 21.3% in all variants.
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