Interspecific antagonism and virulence in hosts exposed to two parasite species

Sandland, Gregory J.; Rodgers, Jenna K.; Minchella, Dennis J.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.005

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, it was recently shown that coinfections could enhance certain parasite life history traits (reproduction, growth, etc.) [65] or increase parasite prevalence [66] indicating no evidence for regulatory processes or larval antagonism [48]. Axenic cultivation studies performed on several trematode species, including S. mansoni , did not show any evidence for a direct antagonistic effect in vitro [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Specific Genotype-Dependent Immune Priming in the Lophotrochozoan Biomphalaria glabrata Snail

Portela¹,

Duval²,

Rognon³

et al. 2013

J Innate Immun

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Historically, the prevailing view in the field of invertebrate immunity was that invertebrates that do not possess acquired adaptive immunity rely on innate mechanisms with low specificity and no memory. Several recent studies have shaken this paradigm and suggested that the immune defenses of invertebrates are more complex and specific than previously thought. Mounting evidence has shown that at least some invertebrates (mainly Ecdysozoa) show high levels of specificity in their immune responses to different pathogens, and that subsequent reexposure may result in enhanced protection (recently called ‘immune priming'). Here, we investigated immune priming in the Lophotrochozoan snail species Biomphalaria glabrata, following infection by the trematode pathogen Schistosoma mansoni. We confirmed that snails were protected against a secondary homologous infection whatever the host strain. We then investigated how immune priming occurs and the level of specificity of B. glabrata immune priming. In this report we confirmed that immune priming exists and we identified a genotype-dependent immune priming in the fresh-water snail B. glabrata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Specific Genotype-Dependent Immune Priming in the Lophotrochozoan Biomphalaria glabrata Snail

Portela¹,

Duval²,

Rognon³

et al. 2013

J Innate Immun

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“…Immediate increased virulence is illustrated in dual infections by the trematodes Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni in their intermediate freshwater snail host. Sandland et al (2007) observed that early transient interspecific coinfection increases the virulence and transmission potential of E. caproni. Such between-species competition for host exploitation increases virulence and transmission potential, in a similar way to that emerging from competition between strains (Davies et al 2002).…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Parasite and host assemblages: embracing the reality will improve our knowledge of parasite transmission and virulence

2010

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Interactions involving several parasite species (multi-parasitized hosts) or several host species (multi-host parasites) are the rule in nature. Only a few studies have investigated these realistic, but complex, situations from an evolutionary perspective. Consequently, their impact on the evolution of parasite virulence and transmission remains poorly understood. The mechanisms by which multiple infections may influence virulence and transmission include the dynamics of intrahost competition, mediation by the host immune system and an increase in parasite genetic recombination. Theoretical investigations have yet to be conducted to determine which of these mechanisms are likely to be key factors in the evolution of virulence and transmission. In contrast, the relationship between multi-host parasites and parasite virulence and transmission has seen some theoretical investigation. The key factors in these models are the trade-off between virulence across different host species, variation in host species quality and patterns of transmission. The empirical studies on multi-host parasites suggest that interspecies transmission plays a central role in the evolution of virulence, but as yet no complete picture of the phenomena involved is available. Ultimately, determining how complex host-parasite interactions impact the evolution of host-parasite relationships will require the development of cross-disciplinary studies linking the ecology of quantitative networks with the evolution of virulence.

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“…Mortality among the B. tenagophila Taim isolates is high even without parasite pressure (Rosa et al 2006), unlike B. glabrata, which only showed a high mortality rate under pressure in the co-infected system. More recently, Sandland et al (2007) confirmed that concurrent infection by Echinostoma caproni and S. mansoni in B. glabrata resulted in high rates of mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The effect of early infection with Echinostoma paraensei on the interaction of Schistosoma mansoni with Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria tenagophila

Garcia¹,

Maldonado²,

Bidau³

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Infection caused by the trematode Echinostoma paraensei has been shown to interfere in the natural resistance to infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Biomphalaria glabrata is susceptible to infection, while Taim isolate Biomphalaria tenagophila is resistant to infection by S. mansoni. These two snail species were assessed for infection with E. paraensei two days after exposure to S. mansoni miracidia. The number of B. tenagophila and B. glabrata infected with E. paraensei was lower in co-infected group, suggesting an antagonistic relationship. B. glabrata showed an increase in its susceptibility to S. mansoni, whereas B. tenagophila maintained its refractoriness to S. mansoni infection. Weekly comparisons made between the E. paraensei cercariae released from B. tenagophila and B. glabrata mono-infected snails revealed no quantitative differences. In contrast, S. mansoni cercariae released were higher in the B. glabrata co-infected group. Mortality rates were significantly greater in both species pertaining to co-infected group and unexpected mortalities were also observed in B. tenagophila exposed only to S. mansoni miracidia. Our study revealed that the B. tenagophila Taim isolate is susceptible to E. paraensei infection, although infection did not alter its resistance to S. mansoni infection.

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Interspecific antagonism and virulence in hosts exposed to two parasite species

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Evidence for Specific Genotype-Dependent Immune Priming in the Lophotrochozoan <b><i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i></b> Snail

Evidence for Specific Genotype-Dependent Immune Priming in the Lophotrochozoan <b><i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i></b> Snail

Parasite and host assemblages: embracing the reality will improve our knowledge of parasite transmission and virulence

The effect of early infection with Echinostoma paraensei on the interaction of Schistosoma mansoni with Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria tenagophila

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