Interrater and intrarater reliability of the semmes-weinstein monofilament 4-2-1 stepping algorithm

Snyder, Brice A.; Munter, Alexander D.; Houston, Megan N.; Hoch, Johanna M.

doi:10.1002/mus.24944

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The use of different devices to determine the tactile sensation and the expected variability psychophysical measurements can account for this controversy. For instance, ICC value of 0·85 is reported for test–retest reliability of tactile detection in the foot using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments . On the other hand, poor MDT reliability of the cheek region is reported when using modified von Frey filaments .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test–retest reliability of quantitative sensory testing for mechanical somatosensory and pain modulation assessment of masticatory structures

Costa

Morita-Neto

Araújo-Júnior

et al. 2017

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Assessing the reliability of medical measurements is a crucial step towards the elaboration of an applicable clinical instrument. There are few studies that evaluate the reliability of somatosensory assessment and pain modulation of masticatory structures. This study estimated the test-retest reliability, that is over time, of the mechanical somatosensory assessment of anterior temporalis, masseter and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) using the anterior temporalis as the test site. Twenty healthy women were evaluated in two sessions (1 week apart) by the same examiner. Mechanical detection threshold (MDT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), wind-up ratio (WUR) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were assessed on the skin overlying the anterior temporalis, masseter and TMJ of the dominant side. CPM was tested by comparing PPT before and during the hand immersion in a hot water bath. anova and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were applied to the data (α = 5%). The overall ICCs showed acceptable values for the test-retest reliability of mechanical somatosensory assessment of masticatory structures. The ICC values of 75% of all quantitative sensory measurements were considered fair to excellent (fair = 8·4%, good = 33·3% and excellent = 33·3%). However, the CPM paradigm presented poor reliability (ICC = 0·25). The mechanical somatosensory assessment of the masticatory structures, but not the proposed CPM protocol, can be considered sufficiently reliable over time to evaluate the trigeminal sensory function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test–retest reliability of quantitative sensory testing for mechanical somatosensory and pain modulation assessment of masticatory structures

Costa

Morita-Neto

Araújo-Júnior

et al. 2017

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…The nylon SWM varied in thickness, and each was identified by a unitless index number (1.65, 2.36, 2.44, 2.83, 3.22, 3.61, 3.84, 4.08, 4.17, 4.31, 4.56, 4.74, 4.93, 5.07, 5.18, 5.46, 5.88, 6.10, 6.45, 6.65) associated with the calibrated breaking force of the tester; for example a 2.44 monofilament has a calibrated breaking force of 0.16 grams, and a 4.17 monofilament has a breaking force of 1.4 grams. The SWM was applied perpendicularly to the test site, and pressure was applied until the SWM bent into a “C” shape, indicating that the calibrated force was applied to the dermatome . A higher SWM index number indicated a thicker monofilament, meaning that a larger force is applied to the dermatome; therefore, an individual with a high SWM threshold had decreased cutaneous sensitivity than one with a lower threshold.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a stocking on plantar sensation in individuals with and without ankle instability

2016

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“…As a feasible and optimum choice for clinical use, the SWME is a well-established test for improved sensitivity of quantitative sensory testing, and widely applied in the assessment of neuropathy in the hospitals [45,46]. The SWME has been used in previous studies to determine sensory dysfunction at least 6 months post stroke [47].The SWME is composed of a hierarchical set of twenty monofilaments (Touch Test Sensory Evaluators, Stoetling Co., Wood Dale, IL, USA) [48].The range of monofilaments can distinguish significant sensory thresholds, including normal sensation, diminished tactile sensation, decreased protective sensation, and loss of protective sensation [49]. The assessors will start each test with a stiffness of filament with the participants' eyes closed.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-sensory feedback therapy combined with task-oriented training on the hemiparetic upper limb in chronic stroke: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Lin

Shu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background An important reason for the difficulty in recovering sensorimotor dysfunction of the upper extremity in chronic stroke survivors, is the lack of sensory function, such as tactile and proprioception feedback. In clinical practice, single sensory training is only for the restoration of sensory function. Increasing evidence suggests that use of task-oriented training (TOT) is a useful approach to hand motor rehabilitation. However, neither approach is optimal since both methods are trained only for specific functional recovery. Our hypothesis is that multi-sensory feedback therapy (MSFT) combined with TOT has the potential to provide stimulating tasks to restore both sensory and motor functions. The objective of the trial is to investigate whether novel MSFT is more effective in improving arm sensorimotor function in chronic stroke phase than single TOT.Methods/Design: The study will be conducted as a multicenter, randomized, double blind controlled trial. Participants (n = 90) will be randomised into three groups to compare the effect of the multi-sensory feedback therapy group against task-oriented training group and conventional group. Participants will receive treatment at the same intensity (60 min, 5 days a week, 4 weeks, 20 hours total). Primary outcome measures for assessment of sensory function are the Semmes Weinstein monofilaments examination (SWME),two-point discrimination test (2PD) test. Secondary measures are the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)༌Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Box and Blocks Test (BBT), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7). Outcome mearsures will be evaluated at baseline, post treatment, and two months follow-up. All assessments will be conducted by trained assessors blinded to treatment allocation.Discussion This study will determine the acceptability and efficacy of the intervention on the hemiparetic upper limb, it may be promising tools for sensorimotor functional recovery after stroke.

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Interrater and intrarater reliability of the semmes-weinstein monofilament 4-2-1 stepping algorithm

Abstract: The 4-2-1 stepping algorithm demonstrated acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability when measured in healthy adults. Muscle Nerve 53: 918-924, 2016.

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Test–retest reliability of quantitative sensory testing for mechanical somatosensory and pain modulation assessment of masticatory structures

Test–retest reliability of quantitative sensory testing for mechanical somatosensory and pain modulation assessment of masticatory structures

Effects of a stocking on plantar sensation in individuals with and without ankle instability

Multi-sensory feedback therapy combined with task-oriented training on the hemiparetic upper limb in chronic stroke: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

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