IMPORTANCE There is potential scientific and clinical value in validation of objective biomarkers for sport-related concussion (SRC). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of acute-phase blood biomarker levels with SRC in collegiate athletes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, prospective, case-control study was conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the US Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium from February 20, 2015, to May 31, 2018, at 6 CARE Advanced Research Core sites. A total of 504 collegiate athletes with concussion, contact sport control athletes, and non-contact sport control athletes completed clinical testing and blood collection at preseason baseline, the acute postinjury period, 24 to 48 hours after injury, the point of reporting being asymptomatic, and 7 days after return to play. Data analysis was conducted from March 1 to November 30, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light chain, and tau were quantified using the Quanterix Simoa multiplex assay. Clinical outcome measures included the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Third Edition (SCAT-3) symptom evaluation, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Balance Error Scoring System, and Brief Symptom Inventory 18.

Context: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have reported decreased global and regional function. Despite the identification of functional deficits in those with CAI, more research is required to determine the extent to which CAI influences the multidimensional profile of health-related quality of life.Objective: To determine whether global, regional, and psychological health-related outcomes differ between individuals with and without CAI.Design: Case-control study. Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five participants with CAI (age ¼ 21.9 6 2.5 years, height ¼ 170.8 6 8.6 cm, mass ¼ 69.8.0 6 11.7 kg) were sex-and limb-matched to 25 healthy participants (age ¼ 22.0 6 2.1 years, height ¼ 167.4 6 9.1 cm, mass ¼ 64.8 6 11.2 kg).Main Outcome Measure(s): Both groups completed the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), the FAAM-Sport, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11, and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Dependent variables were scores on these instruments, and the independent variable was group.Results: Compared with healthy individuals, those with CAI reported decreased function on the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, FAAM, and FAAM-Sport (P , .001) and increased fear of reinjury on the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (P , .001). In the CAI group, the FAAM and FAAM-Sport demonstrated a significant relationship (r ¼ 0.774, P , .01).Conclusions: Individuals with CAI reported decreased function and increased fear of reinjury compared with healthy control participants. Also, within the CAI group, there was a strong relationship between FAAM and FAAM-Sport scores but not between any other instruments. These findings suggest that health-related quality of life should be examined during the rehabilitation process of individuals with CAI.Key Words: ankle sprains, impairment, fear of reinjury, psychology Key PointsIndividuals with chronic ankle instability reported global, regional, and psychological health-related quality-of-life deficits compared with healthy control participants. Functional deficits and psychological barriers reported by the patient should be taken into consideration when clinicians treat individuals with chronic ankle instability.

The evidence suggested that CAI is associated with functional and HRQOL deficits, particularly when examined with region-specific PROs. However, PROs do not appear to differ between copers and healthy controls.

Associate Editor Joel D. Stitzel oversaw the review of this article.

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Individuals with CAI demonstrated deficits in light touch over the plantar aspect of the foot. The relationship between base of the fifth metatarsal sensation and TTB-mean AP may provide a starting point to link plantar cutaneous sensory deficits to changes in other aspects of sensorimotor function.

Meniscus surgery is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures worldwide. Modifiable risk factors for meniscus injury include body mass index, participation in athletics and occupation. Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, sex, lower extremity alignment, discoid meniscus, ligamentous laxity, and biconcave tibial plateau. Conditions commonly associated with meniscal injury are osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament injury, and tibial plateau fractures. Tear type and location vary by patient age and functional status. Surgical management of meniscus injury is typically cost-effective in terms of quality-adjusted life years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of meniscal injury epidemiology by summarizing tear types and locations, associated conditions, and factors that increase the risk for meniscal injury. The economic burden of meniscus injury and strategies to prevent injury to the meniscus are also reviewed.

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