Interplay between gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides

Zong, Xin; Fu, Jie; Xu, Bocheng; Wang, Yizhen; Jin, Mingliang

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.09.002

Cited by 89 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…In the current study, the obtained results indicated that LPS stimulation not only enhanced the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1β but also enhanced the transcriptional and translational level of iNOS, and further induced intestinal inflammation, which showed consistency with the other reported studies [48,49]. Some studies revealed that gut immunity has been considerably associated with gut microbiota [4,5], and a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases, such as recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)), colorectal cancer (CRC), and metabolic disorders, are affected by the variations observed in the composition and functions of gut microbiota [6,50]. Researchers implied that the variations in gut microbiota between Jinhua and Landrace pigs may contribute to the disease resistance disparity [51,52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Some studies revealed that gut immunity has been considerably associated with gut microbiota [ 4 , 5 ], and a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases, such as recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)), colorectal cancer (CRC), and metabolic disorders, are affected by the variations observed in the composition and functions of gut microbiota [ 6 , 50 ]. Researchers implied that the variations in gut microbiota between Jinhua and Landrace pigs may contribute to the disease resistance disparity [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Immunity and Microbiota Dysbiosis Are Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in LPS-Challenged Piglets

Xiao

Cheng

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Bacterial infections are among the major factors that cause stress and intestinal diseases in piglets. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane, is commonly employed for inducing an immune response in normal organisms for convenience. The association between LPS stimulation and gut immunity has been reported. However, the effects of gut immunity on microbial homeostasis and metabolism of host, especially bile acid and lipid metabolism in piglets, remain unclear. Hence, in the current study, we elucidated the effect of gut immunity on microbial balance and host metabolism. Twenty-one-day-old healthy piglets (male) were randomly assigned into the CON and LPS groups. After 4 hours of treatment, related tissues and cecal contents were obtained for further analysis. The obtained results showed that stimulated LPS considerably damaged the morphology of intestinal villi and enhanced the relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Besides, LPS partially changed the microbial structure as indicated by β-diversity and increased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Oxalobacter and Ileibacterium. Furthermore, bile acid, a large class of gut microbiota metabolites, was also assessed by many proteins related to the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. It was also revealed that LPS markedly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of TGR5 and FXR (bile acid receptors) in the ileum, which expressed negative feedback on bile acid de novo synthesis. Additionally, results indicated upregulated mRNA of genes associated with the production of bile acid in the liver tissues. Moreover, LPS reduced the expression of bile acid transporters in the ileum and liver tissues and further disturbed the normal enterohepatic circulation. Taken together, gut immunity and microbial dysbiosis are associated with altered bile acid metabolism in LPS-challenged piglets, which provided theoretical basis for revealing the potential mechanism of intestinal inflammation in swine and seeking nutrients to resist intestinal damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Immunity and Microbiota Dysbiosis Are Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in LPS-Challenged Piglets

Xiao

Cheng

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Moreover, as stated, production of AMPs and IgA by Paneth cells in the gut contributes to the host microbiota balance ( 62 , 63 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Focus on the Gut–Kidney Axis in Health and Disease

et al. 2021

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The recent new developments in technology with culture-independent techniques including genome sequencing methodologies shed light on the identification of microbiota bacterial species and their role in health and disease. Microbiome is actually reported as an important predictive tool for evaluating characteristic shifts in case of disease. Our present review states the development of different renal diseases and pathologies linked to the intestinal dysbiosis, which impacts on host homeostasis. The gastrointestinal–kidney dialogue provides intriguing features in the pathogenesis of several renal diseases. Without any doubt, investigation of this interconnection consists one of the most cutting-edge areas of research with potential implications on our health.

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“…Maintenance of these barriers are essential for preventing microbial invasion, excessive immune responses, and mucosal inflammation. As well as defending against pathogens through competition for nutrients and production of antimicrobial molecules [ 100 , 101 ], the gut microbiota also plays an active role in the maintenance of host mucosal barriers, which further prevents colonisation by opportunistic pathogens, limiting excessive mucosal inflammation, and preserving gut homoeostasis [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Section: The Microbiome and Intestinal Homoeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation

et al. 2021

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The microbiome plays an important role in maintaining human health. Despite multiple factors being attributed to the shaping of the human microbiome, extrinsic factors such diet and use of medications including antibiotics appear to dominate. Mucosal surfaces, particularly in the gut, are highly adapted to be able to tolerate a large population of microorganisms while still being able to produce a rapid and effective immune response against infection. The intestinal microbiome is not functionally independent from the host mucosa and can, through presentation of microbe-associated molecular patterns and generation of microbial-derived metabolites, fundamentally influence mucosal barrier integrity and modulate host immunity. In a healthy gut there is an abundance of beneficial bacteria that help to preserve intestinal homeostasis, promote protective immune responses and limit excessive inflammation. The importance of the microbiome is further highlighted during dysbiosis where a loss of this finely-balanced microbial population can lead to mucosal barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune responses, and chronic inflammation that increases the risk of disease development. Improvements in our understanding of the microbiome are providing opportunities to harness members of a healthy microbiome to help reverse dysbiosis, reduced inflammation and ultimately prevent disease progression.

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Interplay between gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides

Cited by 89 publications

References 124 publications

Gut Immunity and Microbiota Dysbiosis Are Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in LPS-Challenged Piglets

Gut Immunity and Microbiota Dysbiosis Are Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in LPS-Challenged Piglets

Focus on the Gut–Kidney Axis in Health and Disease

The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation

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