The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation

Sanders, David J.; Inniss, S; Sebepos‐Rogers, Gregory; Rahman, Farooq; Smith, Andrew M.

doi:10.1042/bsr20203850

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 306 publications

(335 reference statements)

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“…Microbiome composition and function have been identified as contributing factors in the pathogenesis of inflammation ( Sanders et al., 2021 ). Asthma and AR can be characterized by Th2-dominated airway inflammation ( Pinart et al., 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Bacterial Microbiome Differs Between Healthy Controls and Those With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Chen

Miles

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Perturbation of the microbiome has numerous associations with the phenotypes and progression in chronic airways disease. However, the differences in the nasal microbiome in asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been defined. We examined whether the nasal microbiome would vary among different comorbidities in asthma and AR and that those differences may be associated with the severity of asthma. Nasal lavage fluid was collected from 110 participants, including 20 healthy controls, 30 subjects with AR, 30 subjects with asthma and 30 subjects with combined asthma + AR. The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-7) was used to evaluate asthma control status. Using 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing, we analyzed nasal microbiome in patients with asthma, AR, combined asthma + AR, and healthy controls. Bacterial diversity was analyzed in corresponding with α diversity indices (Chao and Shannon index). Compared with healthy controls, the Chao index tended to be lower in subjects with AR (P = 0.001), asthma (P = 0.001), and combined asthma + AR (P = 0.001) when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the Shannon index was significantly lower in subjects with asthma (P = 0.013) and comorbid asthma with AR (P = 0.004) than the control subjects. Disparity in the structure and composition of nasal bacteria were also observed among the four groups. Furthermore, patients with combined asthma + AR and isolated asthma were divided into two groups according to the level of disease control: partially or well-controlled and uncontrolled asthma. The mean relative abundance observed in the groups mentioned the genera of Pseudoflavonifractor were dominated in patients with well and partially controlled disease, in both isolated asthma and combined asthma + AR. In subjects with uncontrolled asthma and combined asthma + AR, a lower evenness and richness (Shannon index, P = 0.040) was observed in nasal microbiome composition. Importantly, lower evenness and richness in the nasal microbiome may be associated with poor disease control in combined asthma + AR. This study showed the upper airway microbiome is associated with airway inflammation disorders and the level of asthma control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Bacterial Microbiome Differs Between Healthy Controls and Those With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Chen

Miles

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Although the Photobacterium abundance was significantly lower in the SBM group, it was not clear whether this was caused by the decrease in the FM content of the SBM-substituted diets. Previous studies indicated that under pathological conditions, the variations in intestinal flora OTU abundance at the phylum or genus levels in mammals, including humans is sometimes opposite to that in fish ( 50 – 52 ). Similar results were found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PRR-Mediated Immune Response and Intestinal Flora Profile in Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis of Pearl Gentian Groupers, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂

et al. 2022

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Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize microbial-specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns, initiate signal cascade transduction, activate the expressions of host immunity and proinflammatory genes, and, ultimately, trigger an immune response against identified pathogens. The present study focused on two outcomes of feeding pearl gentian groupers with high levels of soybean meal (SBM): (1) growth performance and (2) the intestinal environment, including tissue structure, flora profile, and immune responses. Some 720 groupers were randomly divided into three groups (n = 4): (1) controls, fed a 50% fish meal feed (FM), (2) with 20% of the FM substituted with SBM (SBM20), and (3) 40% of the FM substituted with SBM (SBM40). The fish were fed these iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets for 10 weeks. They were kept in containers with 1 m3 of water under natural light and temperature levels. The experimental results demonstrate that the SBM diets significantly degraded growth performance and intestinal physiology. Typical enteritis characteristics and immune fluctuations appeared, as reflected by the enzyme activities of total superoxide dismutase and lysozyme, and the contents of immunoglobulin M, complement 3, and complement 4. 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the intestinal flora was significantly affected, with the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Vibrio and Streptococcus, increasing with dietary SBM level. Based on “3 + 2” full-length transcriptome sequencing, three triggered PRRs were found in the intestine: the RIG-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The intestinal flora variations were significantly correlated with the activation of the three PRR signaling pathways by canonical correlation analysis. These culminated in the transcriptome activation of NF-κB, IRFs, and costimulatory molecules, ultimately promoting the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, interferons (IFNs), chemokines, and other molecules vital to the innate and/or adaptive immune responses. This study provides new information for diagnosing and preventing SBMIE in aquaculture fish.

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“…Others are implicated in causing GIT inflammation that might progress into chronic conditions. Several review articles discussed the role of the microbiome in GIT inflammation and immune response (Abdulla et al, 2021;Sanders et al, 2021). Beyond GIT, inflammation is linked to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in humans (Al-Azemi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Microbiome Association With Inflammatory and Metabolic Disor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Understanding the Structure and Function of the Human Microbiome

2022

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Trillions of microbes live within our bodies in a deep symbiotic relationship. Microbial populations vary across body sites, driven by differences in the environment, immunological factors, and interactions between microbial species. Major advances in genome sequencing enable a better understanding of microbiome composition. However, most of the microbial taxa and species of the human microbiome are still unknown. Without revealing the identity of these microbes as a first step, we cannot appreciate their role in human health and diseases. A shift in the microbial balance, termed dysbiosis, is linked to a broad range of diseases from simple colitis and indigestion to cancer and dementia. The last decade has witnessed an explosion in microbiome research that led to a better understanding of the microbiome structure and function. This understanding leads to potential opportunities to develop next-generation microbiome-based drugs and diagnostic biomarkers. However, our understanding is limited given the highly personalized nature of the microbiome and its complex and multidirectional interactions with the host. In this review, we discuss: (1) our current knowledge of microbiome structure and factors that shape the microbial composition, (2) recent associations between microbiome dysbiosis and diseases, and (3) opportunities of new microbiome-based therapeutics. We analyze common themes, promises, gaps, and challenges of the microbiome research.

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The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation

Cited by 34 publications

References 306 publications

Nasal Bacterial Microbiome Differs Between Healthy Controls and Those With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Nasal Bacterial Microbiome Differs Between Healthy Controls and Those With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

PRR-Mediated Immune Response and Intestinal Flora Profile in Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis of Pearl Gentian Groupers, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂

Recent Advances in Understanding the Structure and Function of the Human Microbiome

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