Interpersonal Touching and Orality

Jüni, Samuel; Masling, Joseph; Brannon, Robert

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4303_2

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Inter-rater reliability for many of these specific variables has been reported in the literature, with good results. The ODL has been shown to have strong validity and reliability, with Pearson correlation coefficients typically greater than .90 (Bornstein, Rossner, & Hill, 1994;Juni, Masling & Brannon, 1979;O'Neill & Bornstein, 1990) and kappa coefficients greater than .80 (Duberstein & Talbot, 1993;Greenberg & Bornstein, 1989;O'Neill & Bornstein, 1990;O'Neill & Bornstein, 1991) languages, leads to some confidence that the strong inter-rater reliability from the past will carry over to the R-PAS.…”

Section: Inter-rater Reliability R-pasmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

Viglione

Blume-Marcovici

Miller

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality Assessment

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In response to research demonstrating limitations in Rorschach validity and reliability, Meyer, Viglione, Mihura, Erard and Erdberg (2011) have developed a new Rorschach System, R-PAS. Based on the available research findings, this system attempts to ground the Rorschach in its evidence base, improve its normative foundation, integrate international findings, reduce examiner variability, and increase utility. As this Rorschach system is new, no reliability studies have yet been produced. The present study sought to establish inter-rater reliability for the new R-PAS. 50 Rorschach records were randomly selected from ongoing research projects using R-Optimized administration. (Wood, 1996) were based on the criticism that CS inter-rater reliability was determined using percent agreement without correcting for chance. However, as noted, inter-rater reliability has been demonstrated with chance-corrected statistics, including ICC, kappa and Iota coefficients, as the most appropriate and precise statistical methods, proving early criticisms to be unfounded. Indeed, inter-rater reliability for the majority of Rorschach scores compare favorably to other published meta-analyses of inter-rater reliability in psychology, psychiatry, and medicine (Meyer, 2004). Given the wide variety of scores, scales, research projects, and systems from which good reliability has been demonstrated, one must conclude that well-trained coders should achieve acceptable, good, and often excellent inter-rater reliability for the great variety of Rorschach scores.As demonstrated by Weiner (2003), the Rorschach can be considered to be a method of generating data relevant to personality and information processing. From this perspective, various scores and scoring methods systematize the data produced during Rorschach administration, thus constituting the Rorschach as a test. As shown by the strong reliability data across different types of systems, scores, countries, and languages, this test has produced consistently strong reliability. The R-PAS includes many variables that were also used in the CS, clarifies and specifies coding instructions, and modifies a few (e.g. Sex content) to be more consistent with their interpretation. Thus, the abovereported research findings suggest that inter-rater reliability for these R-PAS variables should be strong.R-PAS also includes variables not used in the CS (

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Section: Inter-rater Reliability R-pasmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

Viglione

Blume-Marcovici

Miller

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality Assessment

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“…For example, several researchers have produced evidence for the construct validity of an oral character style, characterized by features that could only be predicted by Freudian theory. Such features include the combination of an orientation toward seeking nurturance and contact with others (measured by self-report, by projective responses, and by behavior, such as help seeking, volunteering, and touching, in experimental settings) and indexes of orality in the literal sense, such as a tendency to produce oral responses on the Rorschach (see Bornstein & Masling, 1985 ;Fisher & Greenberg, 1996 ;Juni, Masling, & Brannon, 1979 ;Masling, 1986 ;Masling, Price, Goldband, & Katkin, 1981 ). Factor analytic questionnaire studies have similarly supported the concept of an anal character style, characterized by traits such as orderliness, stinginess, stubbornness, rigidity, concerns around control, and issues surrounding spending versus retaining money ( Fisher & Greenberg, 1996 ;Kline, 1981 ;Torgersen, 1980 ).…”

Section: Freud's Psychosexual Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.

Westen

1998

Psychological Bulletin

342

233

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Although commentators periodically declare that Freud is dead, his repeated burials lie on shaky grounds. Critics typically attack an archaic version of psychodynamic theory that most clinicians similarly consider obsolete. Central to contemporary psychodynamic theory is a series of propositions about (a) unconscious cognitive, affective, and motivational processes; (b) ambivalence and the tendency for affective and motivational dynamics to operate in parallel and produce compromise solutions; (c) the origins of many personality and social dispositions in childhood; (d) mental representations of the self, others, and relationships; and (e) developmental dynamics. An enormous body of research in cognitive, social, developmental, and personality psychology now supports many of these propositions. Freud's scientific legacy has implications for a wide range of domains in psychology, such as integration of affective and motivational constraints into connectionist models in cognitive science.Freud, like Elvis, has been dead for a number of years but continues to be cited with some regularity. Although the majority of clinicians report that they rely to some degree upon psychodynamic 1 principles in their work ( Pope, Tabachnick, & Keith-Spiegel, 1987 ), most researchers consider psychodynamic ideas to be at worst absurd and obsolete and at best irrelevant or of little scientific interest. In the lead article of a recent edition of Psychological Science, Crews (1996) arrived at a conclusion shared by many: " [T]here is literally nothing to be said, scientifically or therapeutically, to the advantage of the entire Freudian system or any of its component dogmas" (p. 63).Despite the explosion of empirical studies of unconscious cognitive processes (see, e.g., Greenwald, 1992 ;Kihlstrom, 1987 ;Schacter, 1992 ), few reference Freud; none cite any contemporary psychodynamic work; and in general, psychodynamic concepts are decreasingly represented in the major psychology journals ( Robins & Craik, 1994 ). The situation is similar in the popular media and in broader intellectual discourse. Publications ranging from Time to the New York Review of Books periodically publish Freud's intellectual obituary, with critics charging that Freud's ideas-such as his dual-instinct theory or his hypotheses about female personality development-are seriously out of date and without scientific merit (e.g., Crews, 1993 ).Many aspects of Freudian theory are indeed out of date, and they should be: Freud died in 1939, and he has been slow to undertake further revisions. His critics, however, are equally behind the times, attacking countenance was last sighted in earnest. Contemporary psychoanalysts and psychodynamic therapists no longer write much about ids and egos, nor do they conceive of treatment for psychological disorders as an archaeological expedition in search of lost memories ( Aron, 1996 ;Gabbard, 1994 ;Horowitz, 1988 ;Kolb, Cooper, & Fishman, 1995 ;Mitchell, 1988 ;Wachtel, 1993 ). People do sometimes describe feelings or behav...

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“…Highly oral subjects also have been found to be more accurate than are less oral subjects in perceiving the characteristics of others, presumably because to fail to be an accurate perceiver of others would lead to rejection and no support from them (Feldman, 1977;Masling, Johnson, & Saturansky, 1974;Masling, Shiffner, & Shenfeld, 1980). Juni, Masling, and Brannon (1979) reported that more oral than nonoral subjects were willing to touch a blindfolded confederate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic arousal, interpersonal climate, and orality.

Masling¹,

O'Neill²,

Katkin³

1982

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Electrodermal responses in male subjects who gave at least four oral-dependent Rorschach responses (n = 15) or no more than two such responses (n = 19) were assessed both before and after the subjects had either a warm, friendly interaction or a cold, unfriendly interaction with a confederate. There were no group differences on initial baseline measurements. Following a 10-minute warm or cold interaction, there was significant three-way interaction (Period X Condition X Orality) in tonic conductance, p less than .003. Analysis of the three-way interaction produced one simple effect: Highly oral subjects responded differentially to warm or cold treatment by the confederate, p less than .018. Three groups--nonorals in either condition and orals in the condition--increased in physiological arousal over time. Only the highly oral subjects interacting with the warm confederate showed no such increase in arousal, presumably because the presence of a warm, interested other inhibits physiological activation.

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Interpersonal Touching and Orality

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

An Inter-Rater Reliability Study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System

The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.

Autonomic arousal, interpersonal climate, and orality.

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