Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression

Blatt, Sidney J.; Zuroff, David C.

doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90070-o

Cited by 735 publications

(780 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Difficulties in emotion regulation have been identified as resulting from early negative social experiences (e.g., abuse, neglect, rejection criticism; Blatt & Zuroff, 1992;Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004;Perris & Gilbert, 2000;Schore, 1994). Among such negative early interactions, shame experiences are particularly pathogenic and are associated with several psychopathological indicators (Blatt & Zuroff, 1992;Gilbert, 1998Gilbert, , 2007Matos & PintoGouveia, 2010;Matos, Pinto-Gouveia, & Gilbert, 2013;Pinto-Gouveia, Castilho, Matos, & Xavier, 2013).…”

Section: Shame Experiences and Binge Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Defining Memories of Body Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: Body Image Shame and Self-Criticism in Adulthood as Mediating Mechanisms

Duarte

Pinto‐Gouveia

2016

Sex Roles

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Section: Shame Experiences and Binge Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among such negative early interactions, shame experiences are particularly pathogenic and are associated with several psychopathological indicators (Blatt & Zuroff, 1992;Gilbert, 1998Gilbert, , 2007Matos & PintoGouveia, 2010;Matos, Pinto-Gouveia, & Gilbert, 2013;Pinto-Gouveia, Castilho, Matos, & Xavier, 2013).…”

Section: Shame Experiences and Binge Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Defining Memories of Body Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: Body Image Shame and Self-Criticism in Adulthood as Mediating Mechanisms

Duarte

Pinto‐Gouveia

2016

Sex Roles

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“…Research suggests that it is the strength of negative emotions especially (self) anger, disgust and contempt that may drive the pathogenic qualities of self-criticism (Whelton and Greenberg, 2005). In the last 20 years, self-criticism has been associated with a range of psychological disorders including: mood disorder (Blatt and Zuroff, 1992;Gilbert, 2000;Gilbert and Irons 2005;Teasdale and Cox, 2001), social anxiety (Cox et al, 2000), self-harm (Babiker and Arnold, 1997), anger and aggression (Gilbert and Miles, 2000;Tangney and Dearing, 2002) and post-traumatic stress disorder (Brewin, 2003;Lee, 2005). Furthermore, early onset of excessive self-criticism predicts later psychological problems (Zuroff et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Having a word with yourself: Neural correlates of self-criticism and self-reassurance

et al. 2010

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Self-criticism is strongly correlated with a range of psychopathologies, such as depression, eating disorders and anxiety. In contrast, self-reassurance is inversely associated with such psychopathologies. Despite the importance of self-judgements and evaluations, little is known about the neurophysiology of these internal processes. The current study therefore used a novel fMRI task to investigate the neuronal correlates of selfcriticism and self-reassurance. Participants were presented statements describing two types of scenario, with the instruction to either imagine being self-critical or self-reassuring in that situation. One scenario type focused on a personal setback, mistake or failure, which would elicit negative emotions, whilst the second was of a matched neutral event. Self-criticism was associated with activity in lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions and dorsal anterior cingulate (dAC), therefore linking self-critical thinking to error processing and resolution, and also behavioural inhibition. Self-reassurance was associated with left temporal pole and insula activation, suggesting that efforts to be self-reassuring engage similar regions to expressing compassion and empathy towards others. Additionally, we found a dorsal/ventral PFC divide between an individual's tendency to be self-critical or self-reassuring. Using multiple regression analyses, dorsolateral PFC activity was positively correlated with high levels of self-criticism (assessed via self-report measure), suggesting greater error processing and behavioural inhibition in such individuals. Ventrolateral PFC activity was positively correlated with high self-reassurance. Our findings may have implications for the neural basis of a range of mood disorders that are characterised by a preoccupation with personal mistakes and failures, and a self-critical response to such events.

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“…The term anaclitic has its etymological roots in the Greek, meaning 'to lean on'. The work of Blatt and colleagues (Blatt, 1998(Blatt, , 2004Blatt & Ford, 1994;Blatt & Zuroff, 1992) has identifi ed an anaclitic type of depressive patient that can be differentiated from the self-critical, perfectionistic introjective type. While the perfectionism factor on the DAS identifi ed a group of patients who were perfectionistic and self-critical, the need for approval factor corresponded to the anaclitic type of depressive patient.…”

Section: Anaclitic Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of personality and personality disorders on the treatment of depression

Gabbard

Simonsen

2007

Personality & Mental Health

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Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression

Cited by 735 publications

References 116 publications

Self-Defining Memories of Body Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: Body Image Shame and Self-Criticism in Adulthood as Mediating Mechanisms

Self-Defining Memories of Body Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: Body Image Shame and Self-Criticism in Adulthood as Mediating Mechanisms

Having a word with yourself: Neural correlates of self-criticism and self-reassurance

The impact of personality and personality disorders on the treatment of depression

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