The recognition of the many limitations of the categorical model of personality disorder classification has led to the development of quite a number of alternative proposals for a dimensional classification. The purpose of this article is to suggest that future research work toward the integration of these alternative proposals within a common hierarchical structure. An illustration of a potential integration is provided using the constructs assessed within existing dimensional models. Suggestions for future research that will help lead toward a common, integrative dimensional model of personality disorder are provided.

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It is possible to reduce the DUP through an ED program. The reduction in DUP is associated with better clinical status at baseline that is maintained after 3 months.

URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00236158.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). B A C K G R O U N D Description of the condition Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a condition first recognised in the 20th century (Gunderson 2009). Historically, the term BPD was coined by Adolph Stern to describe a condition in the 'borderland' between psychosis and neurosis (Stern 1938). Subsequent psychoanalytic contributions (especially that of Kernberg 1975) have reaffirmed this distinction, emphasising that the capacity to test reality remains grossly intact but is subject to subtle distortions, especially under stress. According to current diagnostic criteria, BPD is characterised by a pervasive pattern of instability in affect regulation, impulse control , interpersonal relationships, and self-image (APA 2013; WHO 1993). Clinical hallmarks include emotional dysregulation, impulsive aggression, repeated self-injury, and chronic suicidal tendencies (Fonagy 2009; Lieb 2004). Whereas some authors have suggested that it is a variant of affective disorders (Akiskal 2004), others claim that it is only the causes of these diseases that partially overlap in BPD (Paris 2007). Despite the difficulties in defining and delimiting the condition, BPD is still being widely researched. Its importance stems from the considerable psychological suffering of the persons concerned (

Objective: Early detection in first-episode psychosis confers advantages for negative, cognitive, and depressive symptoms after 1, 2, and 5 years, but longitudinal effects are unknown. The authors investigated the differences in symptoms and recovery after 10 years between regional health care sectors with and without a comprehensive program for the early detection of psychosis. Method:The authors evaluated 281 patients (early detection, N=141) 18 to 65 years old with a first episode of nonaffective psychosis between 1997 and 2001. Of these, 101 patients in the early-detection area and 73 patients in the usual-detection area were followed up at 10 years, and the authors compared their symptoms and recovery.

Intensive education campaigns toward the general public, the schools, and the primary health care services appear to be an important and necessary part of an early detection program. When such a campaign was stopped, there was a clear regressive change in help-seeking behavior with an increase in DUP and baseline symptoms.

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