Self-Defining Memories of Body Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: Body Image Shame and Self-Criticism in Adulthood as Mediating Mechanisms

Duarte, Cristiana; Pinto‐Gouveia, José

doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0728-5

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…In men, only the form of inadequate-self of self-criticism mediated the relationship between external and internal bodyimage shame and the severity of binge eating symptoms. This finding is consistent with those of Duarte and Pinto-Gouveia (21), who showed that the form of inadequate-self of self-criticism mediated the relationship between early experiences and shame with the symptoms of binge eating. However, in women, both forms of self-criticism (ie, inadequate-self and hated-self) mediate the relationship between body-image shame and the severity of binge eating symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The results also showed that forms of selfcriticism/reassured-self can mediate the relationship between internal and external body-image shame and binge eating symptoms in men and women These results agree with those of Duarte, Pinto-Gouveia, and Ferreira (10), Pinto-Gouveia, Ferreira, and Duarte (20), and Duarte and Pinto-Gouveia (21), who showed that self-criticism mediated the relationship between body-image shame and binge eating symptoms and eating problems. Early negative experiences related to body-image and the resulting shame forms a sense of defect or imperfection in people because the physical appearance is one of the important factors of attractiveness in the eyes of others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In a study on non-clinical females, the type of hatred or self-criticism mediated the relationship between body-image shame and binge eating symptoms (10). In another study, both forms of selfcriticism were able to mediate the relationship between self-defined memories of body-image shame and symptoms of binge eating, while only the inadequate-self form was able to mediate this relationship in men (21). Accordingly, self-criticism can be considered as an incompatible defense strategy derived from shame (18,22), and its purpose is to correct personal characteristics or behaviors to protect oneself (18), which can be accompanied by binge eating symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Link Between External and Internal Body-Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: The Mediating Role of Self-criticism

Kaleji

Poursharifi

Dolatshahi

et al. 2021

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Binge eating is a public health problem associated with reduced physical health (ie, being overweight and obese) and mental health. Binge eating symptoms are so prevalent that many people who struggle with the symptoms have never been diagnosed with the binge eating disorder (BED). Examining the underlying emotional mechanisms of this behavior and the gender differences in these mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the association between internal and external body-image shame and binge eating symptoms in men and women mediated by self-criticism. Methods: This correlation study was based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Finally, using multi-stage cluster random sampling, a total of 313 participants were included in the study. Instruments including Body-Image Shame Scale (BISS), Forms of Self-criticizing/Self-reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and Binge Eating Scale (BES) were used in the study. Results: According to the results, the severity of binge eating symptoms had a positive and significant relationship with external and internal body-image shame, hated-self, and inadequate-self, while it had a negative and significant relationship with reassured-self. The results also indicated that in men, inadequate-self, and reassured-self, and in women, hated-self, inadequate-self, and reassured-self mediated the association between internal and external body-image shame and the severity of binge eating symptoms. Conclusions: Our results indicated that forms of self-criticism could differently mediate the relationship between external and internal body-image shame and the severity of binge eating symptoms in Iranian men and women. This gender difference in the mediation model can be considered in clinical practice, and appropriate treatment methods can be used accordingly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Link Between External and Internal Body-Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: The Mediating Role of Self-criticism

Kaleji

Poursharifi

Dolatshahi

et al. 2021

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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show abstract

“…There is a rising interest in how body image problems may negatively impact psychological adjustment in men (Dakanalis & Riva, 2013;Duarte & Pinto-Gouveia, 2017;Thompson & Cafri, 2007). The important role of body shame in disordered eating symptoms and mental health has been increasingly demonstrated in clinical and nonclinical samples (e.g., Dakanalis & Riva, 2013;Duarte & Pinto-Gouveia, 2016;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants' sexual orientation was not assessed, and there is now mounting evidence that sexual orientation may play an important role in body image problems and disordered eating symptoms in men (e.g., Dakanalis & Riva, 2013). Also, in younger men body image issues may be more prominent and play an important role in later psychosocial adjustment (Cain et al, 2012;Duarte & Pinto-Gouveia, 2017). Future studies should examine the scale's dimensionality and psychometric properties in these more vulnerable populations (e.g., gay men and adolescents).…”

Section: Strength and Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body image shame in men: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and psychometric properties of the Body Image Shame Scale

Duarte

Ferreira

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Purpose Body image shame plays a key role in disordered eating symptoms and psychological adjustment. Nonetheless, research has been mainly focused on women. The Body Image Shame Scale (BISS) was previously developed and tested in a nonclinical sample of women. This study examines the BISS in a male sample comprising students and community participants. Methods Participants were 420 men, who completed the BISS and self-report measures of shame, self-criticism, body weight and shape concerns and psychopathological symptoms. Results The previously identified structure of the BISS, with an external and internal dimension, fitted the data well. All items presented high reliability. The BISS total score and its subscales in men present high construct reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Correlation analyses indicated that BISS and its subscales in men present positive associations with general shame and self-criticism, body weight and shape concerns, and with indices of poorer psychological adjustment. Conclusion Findings supported that the BISS is a reliable measure to assess body shame in men.

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Shame and binge eating pathology: A systematic review

O’Loghlen

Grant

Galligan

2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Objective: Shame is broadly implicated in the development and maintenance of eating pathology. However, the relationship between shame and binge eating symptoms specifically is less clear. This review aimed to clarify what types of shame are associated with binge eating symptoms and the antecedents and maintenance factors in these relationships.Method: A systematic search for quantitative and qualitative empirical studies was conducted to identify evidence of the relationship between shame and binge eating symptoms. Altogether, 270 articles were identified and screened for eligibility in the review.Results: Results of the relevant empirical studies (n = 31) identified several types of shame associated with binge eating pathology: (i) internal shame, (ii) external shame, (iii) body shame and (iv) binge eating-related shame, as well as several mechanisms and pathways through which shame was associated with binge eating symptoms.Discussion: Drawing from the research findings, this review presents an original, integrated model of the cyclical shame-binge eating relationship. Clinical interventions that might break this cycle are discussed, as well as methodological weaknesses which limit causal inferences and important areas of future research.

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Self-Defining Memories of Body Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: Body Image Shame and Self-Criticism in Adulthood as Mediating Mechanisms

Cited by 15 publications

References 82 publications

The Link Between External and Internal Body-Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: The Mediating Role of Self-criticism

The Link Between External and Internal Body-Image Shame and Binge Eating in Men and Women: The Mediating Role of Self-criticism

Body image shame in men: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and psychometric properties of the Body Image Shame Scale

Shame and binge eating pathology: A systematic review

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