International review of district heating and cooling

Werner, Sven

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.045

Cited by 597 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Until 2004, there were 10 city‐based GDHS . Other similar installations have been implemented in Germany, Italy, Romania, Hungary, Belgium, and the United Kingdom . The heat supply temperature of a system using heat pumps as the heat source will be lower than that in many DHSs outside of northern Europe…”

Section: Configuration Of a District Heating Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 Other similar installations have been implemented in Germany, Italy, Romania, Hungary, Belgium, and the United Kingdom. 37 The heat supply temperature of a system using heat pumps as the heat source will be lower than that in many DHSs outside of northern Europe. 20 The use possibilities of DH in combination with large solar collector fields have been investigated in Sweden, Denmark, and Germany since the 1980s.…”

Section: Heat Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of modelling and optimisation techniques for district heating systems

2019

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Summary This article provides an extensive survey on the modelling and optimisation of district heating systems (DHSs) focused on the heat distribution network. For this purpose, the major components of a DHS have been described and discussed, and their modelling has been briefly reviewed, including numerical simulation models for heat sources, end‐users, and especially the distribution network. The main deterministic and heuristic optimisation techniques are briefly described. Additionally, a single‐objective and multiobjective optimisation problem is generally formulated, and the main optimisation criteria for the design and operation of the distribution network are synthesised and analysed. The state of the art in DHS optimisation has been also reviewed and categorised. Finally, some recommendations for future developments were included.

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Section: Configuration Of a District Heating Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heat Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of modelling and optimisation techniques for district heating systems

2019

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“…An additional heat exchanger for cool water production can be added if the user is also connected to a district cooling network [9,77]. Traditional district heating and cooling substations are therefore compact and do not require large areas for the installation.…”

Section: Substation Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These systems were replaced by 2nd generation networks, which use pressurized hot water with supply temperatures over 100 • C as a heat carrier. Since space heating in traditional residential buildings has generally been ensured by heat transfer from radiators at about 80 • C supply temperature, district heating networks with lower supply temperatures were therefore established in the market starting from the 1970s, i.e., the so called 3rd generation of district heating systems, which are currently and widely applied [9]: the total number of systems has been estimated at 80,000 systems worldwide, of which about 6000 systems (7.5%) in Europe. Third generation district heating systems are characterized by using pressurized hot water as a heat carrier but with lower temperatures (below 100 • C) than 2nd generation systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Innovative Concept of Cold District Heating Networks: A Literature Review

Pellegrini

Bianchini

2018

Energies

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Abstract:The development of sustainable and innovative solutions for the production and supply of energy at district level is nowadays one of the main technical challenges. In the past, district heating and cooling networks aimed to achieve greater energy efficiency through the centralization of the energy production process but with relevant losses related to heat transport. Moving towards a higher share of renewables and lower demand of primary energy requires redesign of the energy district networks. The novel concept of cold district heating networks aims to combine the advantages of a centralized energy distribution system with low heat losses in energy supply. This combined effect is achieved through the centralized supply of water at relatively low temperatures (in the range 10-25 • C), which is then heated up by decentralized heat pumps. Moreover, cold district heating networks are also very suitable for cooling delivery, since cold water supplying can be directly used for cooling purposes (i.e., free cooling) or to feed decentralized chillers with very high energy efficiency ratio. This paper provides a preliminary literature review of existing cold district heating networks and then qualitatively analyses benefits and drawbacks in comparison with the alternatives currently used to produce heat and cold at district level, including the evaluation of major barriers to its further development.

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“…One benefit is its large heat storage capacity [2], which can store much more heat than individual storage solutions. Another benefit is the ability to utilize heat from a variety of sources, such as solar thermal, geothermal, and excess production from industrial processes as well as heat from combined heat and power plants [3][4][5][6]. A recent Chinse study shows the benefits of combing the heat and electricity sectors in terms of wind curtailment [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

District Heating Expansion Potential with Low-Temperature and End-Use Heat Savings

Nielsen

Grundahl

2018

Energies

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District heating has the potential to play a key role in the transition towards a renewable energy system. However, the development towards reduced heat demands threatens the feasibility of district heating. Despite this challenge, opportunity exists in the form of fourth generation district heating, which operates at lower temperatures and enables better renewable integration. This article investigates this challenge by examining the district heating potential within three scenarios: The first is a reference scenario with current heat demand and temperatures, the second includes heat demand savings and the third includes reduced grid temperatures in addition to heat savings. To examine the scenarios, two models are developed. The first is a heat atlas model, in which heat demands are mapped on an address level. The second model assesses district heating expansion potentials based on economic costs. The models are applied using an example case of The Northern Region of Denmark. The article concludes that the district heating potential is highest in the reference scenario. When heat savings are introduced, district heating expansions, in most cases, will not be feasible. Introducing low-temperature district heating modestly increases the feasible expansion potential. This general conclusion is highly dependent on the specific system examined.

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International review of district heating and cooling

Cited by 597 publications

References 64 publications

A review of modelling and optimisation techniques for district heating systems

A review of modelling and optimisation techniques for district heating systems

The Innovative Concept of Cold District Heating Networks: A Literature Review

District Heating Expansion Potential with Low-Temperature and End-Use Heat Savings

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