District Heating Expansion Potential with Low-Temperature and End-Use Heat Savings

Nielsen, Steffen; Grundahl, Lars

doi:10.3390/en11020277

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It implies to the end user 18% of savings compared with their current energy bills based on gasoil and wood in chimneys. This value has been set as function of the base line estimated as shown in [43]. Investment in DH is directly affected by pipes mean diameter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating

et al. 2018

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Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eight public buildings, to replace the current individual diesel boilers and electrical heating systems. The development of the new fourth district heating generation implies the challenge of combining using low or very low temperatures in the distribution network pipes and delivery temperatures in existing facilities buildings. In this work biomass district heating designs based on third and fourth generation district heating network criteria are evaluated in terms of design conditions, operating ranges, effect of variable temperature operation, energy efficiency and investment and operating costs. The Internal Rate of Return of the different options ranges from 6.55% for a design based on the third generation network to 7.46% for a design based on the fourth generation network, with a 25 years investment horizon. The results and analyses of this work show the interest and challenges for the next low temperature DH generation for the rural area under analysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating

et al. 2018

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“…District heating can offer a solution to increase the share of renewable energy in the heating sector, especially in densely built-up and inhabited areas like cities. It provides the ability to integrate different locally available renewable heat resources like deep geothermal and solar thermal energy or industrial excess heat as well as often necessary seasonal heat storages into renewable energy systems [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed building stock registers, stating each building's year of construction are only available for a limited number of countries [7,41,42]. In other cases, the required data need to be laboriously collected by on-site mapping or from local building cadasters [28,29], commercial data sets [17,37], from remote sensing data [43] or directly from house owners and occupants [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving GIS-Based Heat Demand Modelling and Mapping for Residential Buildings with Census Data Sets at Regional and Sub-Regional Scales

2021

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Heat demand of buildings and related CO2 emissions caused by energy supply contribute to global climate change. Spatial data-based heat planning enables municipalities to reorganize local heating sectors towards efficient use of regional renewable energy resources. Here, annual heat demand of residential buildings is modeled and mapped for a German federal state to provide regional basic data. Using a 3D building stock model and standard values of building-type-specific heat demand from a regional building typology in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based bottom-up approach, a first base reference is modeled. Two spatial data sets with information on the construction period of residential buildings, aggregated on municipality sections and hectare grid cells, are used to show how census-based spatial data sets can enhance the approach. Partial results from all three models are validated against reported regional data on heat demand as well as against gas consumption of a municipality. All three models overestimate reported heat demand on regional levels by 16 to 19%, but underestimate demand by up to 8% on city levels. Using the hectare grid cells data set leads to best prediction accuracy values at municipality section level, showing the benefit of integrating this high detailed spatial data set on building age.

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“…Some research works have focused on the benefits that can be reached by decreasing the network supply and return temperatures [8], indicating the heat demand density in the area as a key parameter for the evaluation of the competitiveness of the DH. An additional threat to the economic sustainability of future DH systems is an excessive insulation of buildings, which can lead to excessive payback times for the required infrastructure [9]. In some practical experiences, the importance of a proper monitoring and control of the actual operating parameters in the users' heating systems has been found to be a crucial aspect for the optimization of the DH network [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Different Strategies for Lowering the Operation Temperature in Existing District Heating Networks

et al. 2019

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District heating systems have an important role in increasing the efficiency of the heating and cooling sector, especially when coupled to combined heat and power plants. However, in the transition towards decarbonization, current systems show some challenges for the integration of Renewable Energy Sources and Waste Heat. In particular, a crucial aspect is represented by the operating temperatures of the network. This paper analyzes two different approaches for the decrease of operation temperatures of existing networks, which are often supplying old buildings with a low degree of insulation. A simulation model was applied to some case studies to evaluate how a low-temperature operation of an existing district heating system performs compared to the standard operation, by considering two different approaches: (1) a different control strategy involving nighttime operation to avoid the morning peak demand; and (2) the partial insulation of the buildings to decrease operation temperatures without the need of modifying the heating system of the users. Different temperatures were considered to evaluate a threshold based on the characteristics of the buildings supplied by the network. The results highlight an interesting potential for optimization of existing systems by tuning the control strategies and performing some energy efficiency operation. The network temperature can be decreased with a continuous operation of the system, or with energy efficiency intervention in buildings, and distributed heat pumps used as integration could provide significant advantages. Each solution has its own limitations and critical parameters, which are discussed in detail.

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District Heating Expansion Potential with Low-Temperature and End-Use Heat Savings

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating

Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating

Improving GIS-Based Heat Demand Modelling and Mapping for Residential Buildings with Census Data Sets at Regional and Sub-Regional Scales

Analysis of Different Strategies for Lowering the Operation Temperature in Existing District Heating Networks

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