International comparisons of energy efficiency in power, steel, and cement industries

Oda, Junichiro; Akimoto, Keigo; Tomoda, Toshimasa; Nagashima, Miyuki; Wada, Kazumi; Sano, Fuminori

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.01.024

Cited by 84 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Based on the change trends of the ECE during the past several years, we assumed the ECE will increase to 39.9% in 2020. The value was between the ECE of India (38.8%) and Japan (42.0%) in 2008 [22]. The ECEs of NG, oil, biomass and garbage in 2010 were 41.4, 37.0, 29.5 and 17.0%, respectively [22][23][24].…”

Section: Electricity Generation In Chinamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The value was between the ECE of India (38.8%) and Japan (42.0%) in 2008 [22]. The ECEs of NG, oil, biomass and garbage in 2010 were 41.4, 37.0, 29.5 and 17.0%, respectively [22][23][24]. The ECEs of these fuels in 2015 and 2020 were estimated based on the ECEs in 2010 and the ECE change rates of coal in 2010, 2015 and 2020, due to the lack of the study on the ECEs of NG-, oil-, biomass-and garbage-fired electricity in the future of China.…”

Section: Electricity Generation In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and Environmental Implications of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in China

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The promotion of hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs) has been proposed as one promising solution for reducing transport energy consumption and mitigating vehicular emissions in China. In this study, the energy and environmental impacts of hybrid and EVs during 2010-2020 were evaluated through an energy conversion analysis and a life cycle assessment (LCA), and the per-kilometer energy consumptions of gasoline, coal, natural gas (NG), oil, biomass, garbage and electricity for EVs and HEVs were estimated. Results show that the EVs and HEVs can reduce the energy consumption of vehicles by national average ratios of 17%-19% and 30%-33%, respectively. The study also calculated the detailed emission factors of SO 2 , NO X , VOC, CO, NH 3 , PM 10 , PM 2.5 , OC, EC, CO 2 , N 2 O, CH 4 , Pb and Hg. It is indicated that the HEVs can bring significant reductions of NO X , VOC and CO emissions and lesser decreases of SO 2 and CO 2 for a single vehicle. The EVs could decrease many of the VOC, NH 3 , CO and CO 2 emissions, but increase the SO 2 , NO X and particles by 10.8-13.0, 2.7-2.9 and 3.6-11.5 times, respectively. In addition, the electricity sources had significant influence on energy consumption (EC) and emissions. A high proportion of coal-fired energy resulted in large ECs and emission factors. The total energy consumption and pollutants emission changes in 2015 and 2020 were also calculated. Based on the energy use and emission analysis of HEVs and EVs, it is suggested that EVs should be promoted in the regions with higher proportions of OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 2664 hydropower, natural gas-fired power and clean energy power, while HEVs can be widely adopted in the regions with high coal-fired power ratios. This is to achieve a higher energy consumption reduction and pollutant emission mitigation. Moreover, the results can also provide scientific support for the total amount control of regional air pollutants in China.

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Section: Electricity Generation In Chinamentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Electricity Generation In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Environmental Implications of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in China

et al. 2013

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“…Many energy efficiency indicators and energy benchmarking approaches have been performed worldwide to analyse industrial energy use and energy efficiency potential (Saygin et al, 2011). In numerous studies, appropriate energy efficiency indicators have been applied to estimate energy efficiency performance in different sectors (Neelis et al, 2007;Siitonen et al, 2010;Saygin et al, 2011;Oda et al, 2012). Such indicators can also be used by industries to draw lessons on how to improve their reliability and flexibility.…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the efficiency of energy-intensive industries across European countries

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, more efficient gas power generation technology (e.g. combined cycle gas turbine technology) can further reduce emissions from power generation because of the low-carbon content of natural gas (Cai, Wang, Wang, Zhang, & Chen, 2007;Oda et al, 2012). Although the previously massive use of natural gas led to concerns about energy security, China's gas contracts with neighbouring countries have now secured the majority of gas imports up to 2030 (Odgaard & Delman, 2014).…”

Section: Energy Efficiency Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

China's sectoral strategies in energy conservation and carbon mitigation

2015

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This article reviews China's energy and climate strategies in the electric power, industrial, building, and transport sectors. These four sectors account for about three-quarters of China's total energy consumption and energy-related carbon emissions. We identify major gaps in China's energy and climate polices based on the status quo: first, command-and-control policies not only are costly, but also cannot accommodate the transition of energy consumption from production sectors to consumption sectors; second, unsmooth deployment of renewable energy poses challenges for decarbonizing China's electricity system. To close these gaps, we suggest two policy priorities: a carbon market to achieve cost-effective emission reduction, and a Renewable Quota System to promote the utilization of renewable energy. Challenges associated with these policies are discussed. Furthermore, we suggest that a sectoral approach can serve as a first step for China to make meaningful commitments under a prospective international climate treaty. In particular, the cement, steel, and aluminium sectors can be among the first groups to join this sectoral approach. Policy relevanceWe argue that China's sectoral climate policies should prioritize both the development of a carbon market to achieve costeffective carbon mitigation and the improvement of renewable supporting polices to foster long-term renewable technology investment. However, to fully explore the advantages of a carbon market, we suggest that more stringent emission caps should be set at the national level. In addition, the carbon market and existing energy and climate policies should be carefully harmonized. In particular, the overlaps between existing command-and-control mitigation polices and the carbon market should be reduced to improve cost-effectiveness. In parallel with a carbon market, we suggest a second-best policy, the Renewable Quota System, as a supplement to the carbon market to foster green technology development and to create preconditions for a more stringent cap. At the international level, a sectoral approach can serve as a first step for China to make meaningful commitments under a prospective international climate treaty. In particular, the cement, steel, and aluminium sectors can be among the first group to join this sectoral approach.

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International comparisons of energy efficiency in power, steel, and cement industries

Cited by 84 publications

References 11 publications

Energy and Environmental Implications of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in China

Energy and Environmental Implications of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in China

Measuring the efficiency of energy-intensive industries across European countries

China's sectoral strategies in energy conservation and carbon mitigation

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