Internal versus external control and ethnic group membership: A cross-cultural comparison.

Acculturation and Personality as Predictors of Stress in Japanese and Japanese-Americans

“…Lazarus and Opton (1966) suggested that if individuals perceive themselves to have control over a situation, they are less likely to experience the situation as stressful. Hsieh, Shybut, and Lotsof (1969) found cultural orientation to be associated with internal and external locus of control. In a study with American-born Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese, and Anglo-Americans, the Hong Kong Chinese were found to be more externally oriented than American-born Chinese, who in turn were more externally oriented than Anglo-Americans.…”

Relationships of Some Personality Variables to Academic Attainment of Secondary School Pupils

“…Rotter (1966) explained that locus of control refers to the extent to which people ascribe the responsibility for the occurrence of reinforcement to themselves (internals) or to powerful others (externals). Hsieh et al (1969) concluded that individuals raised in a culture that values self-reliance and individualism are likely to be more internally oriented than those brought up in a different set of values. Several researchers (Morrison & Mclntyre, 1971;Phares, 1975;Bar-Tal et al, 1980) suggested that perception of locus of control is an important personality variable that relates to academic success in schools, internals tending to attain greater academic success.…”

Mental Illness and Families in Contemporary Hong Kong: an Ethnography of Mental Illness and Chinese Families in Hong Kong at the Time of Transition of Sovereignty

“…Cheung and Lau (1982) believe there are situational variations among the Chinese in help-seeking. Chinese culture has been described as "situation-centred" (Hsieh, Shybut, & Lotsof, 1969). Likewise, the help seeking behaviour of Chinese patients and their families in different clinical settings would be determined by the situational context of their 253 i)Chapter Ten problems and their expectations of the help they could receive.…”