Internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis: role of membrane orientation

Gray, Gordon T.; McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.; Elimelech, Menachem

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.003

Cited by 591 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Dilutive ICP will be more severe with larger molecular weight solutes that cannot diffuse as quickly through the porous support. Furthermore, concentration polarization was found to be more severe in FO mode [50,51]. …”

Section: Internal Concentration Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

2013

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Abstract:In the past four decades, membrane development has occurred based on the demand in pressure driven processes. However, in the last decade, the interest in osmotically driven processes, such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), has increased. The preparation of customized membranes is essential for the development of these technologies. Recently, several very promising membrane preparation methods for FO/PRO applications have emerged. Preparation of thin film composite (TFC) membranes with a customized polysulfone (PSf) support, electorspun support, TFC membranes on hydrophilic support and hollow fiber membranes have been reported for FO/PRO applications. These novel methods allow the use of other materials than the traditional asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA) membranes and TFC polyamide/polysulfone membranes. This review provides an outline of the membrane requirements for FO/PRO and the new methods and materials in membrane preparation.

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Section: Internal Concentration Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

2013

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“…In addition, changes in the reverse salt flux closely resembled those of the water flux (Supplementary Data Figure S3b). The difference in permeate flux between the PRO and FO mode can be attributed to the internal concentration polarisation (ICP) phenomenon which has been previously described in detail by Elimelech and co-workers (Gray et al, 2006;McCutcheon et al, 2006). In an ideal situation, under an osmotic driving force, pure water is transported across the membrane from the feed solution to the draw solution.…”

Section: Pure Water and Reverse Salt Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system: Flux stability and removal of trace organics

Alturki

McDonald

Khan

et al. 2012

Bioresource Technology

169

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tResults reported here highlight the potential and several challenges in the development of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) process for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Following the initial gradual decline, a stable permeate flux value was obtained after approximately four days of continuous operation. There was evidence of continuous deterioration of biological activity of the OMBR system, possibly due to the build-up of salinity in the reactor. The removal of 25 out of 27 trace organic compounds with molecular weight higher than 266 g/mol was above 80% and was possibly governed by the interplay between physical separation of the FO membrane and biodegradation. In contrast, the removal efficiency values of the other 23 trace organic compounds with molecular weight less than 266 g/mol were very scattered. The removal efficiency of these low molecular weight compounds by OMBR treatment appears to depend mostly on biological degradation. Crown

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“…Because the effective osmotic pressure of a solution is only established at the interface with the selective layer, the asymmetric structure of a membrane ensures that one of the boundary layers occurs within the support layer, resulting in internal concentration polarization (ICP) [30,32,33]. To account for this change, an effective mass transfer coefficient, k eff , was defined which takes into account the impact that the porous support layer has on mass transfer:…”

Section: Governing Equations In Odmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

et al. 2013

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Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs) such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are extensively investigated for utilization in a broad range of applications. In ODMPs, the operating conditions and membrane properties play more critical roles in mass transport and process performance than in pressure-driven membrane processes. Search of the literature reveals that ODMP membranes, especially newly developed ones, are tested under different temperatures, draw solution compositions and concentrations, flow rates, and pressures. In order to compare different membranes, it is important to develop standard protocols for testing of membranes for ODMPs. In this article we present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in FO and PRO studies in recent years. A round-robin testing of two commercial membranes in seven independent laboratories revealed that water flux and membrane permeability coefficients were similar when participants performed the experiments and calculations using the same protocols. The thin film composite polyamide membrane exhibited higher water and salt permeability than the asymmetric cellulosebased membrane, but results with the high permeability thin-film composite membrane were more scattered. While salt rejection results in RO mode were relatively similar, salt permeability coefficients for both membranes in FO mode were more varied. Results suggest that high permeability ODMP membranes should be tested at lower hydraulic pressure in RO mode and that RO testing be conducted with the same membrane sample used for testing in FO mode. AbstractOsmotically driven membrane processes (ODMP) such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are extensively investigated for utilization in a broad range of applications. In ODMPs, the operating conditions and membrane properties play more critical roles in mass transport and process performance than in pressure-driven membrane processes.Search of the literature reveals that ODMP membranes, especially newly developed ones, are tested under different temperatures, draw solution compositions and concentrations, flowrates, and pressures. In order to compare different membranes, it is important to develop standard protocols for testing of membranes for ODMP. In this article we present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in FO and PRO studies in recent years. A round-robin testing of two commercial membranes in seven independent laboratories revealed that water flux and membrane permeability coefficients were similar when participants performed the experiments and calculations using the same protocols. The thin film composite polyamide membrane exhibited higher water and salt permeability than the asymmetric cellulose-based membrane, but results with the high permeability thin-film composite membrane were more scattered. While salt rejection results in RO mode were...

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Internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis: role of membrane orientation

Cited by 591 publications

References 9 publications

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Forward Osmosis Membranes: Materials and Methods

Performance of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system: Flux stability and removal of trace organics

Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

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