Internal Combustion Engine Analysis of Energy Ecological Parameters by Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA and SWARA Methods

Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras; Čereška, Audrius; Matijošius, Jonas; Rimkus, Alfredas; Baušys, Romualdas

doi:10.3390/en12081415

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Using dual fuel system, where other fuels are also supplied along with biogas and natural gas, has been offered as an alternative [25]. The use of such a system allows achievement of the goals set through the use of alternative fuels and pollution reduction, at the same time analyzing them more intensively for the specifics of the engine's operating process [26][27][28][29]. Various injection strategies have been used to analyze the use of natural gas/diesel blends in compression ignition engines [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Energetic and Ecologic Parameters of Dual Fuels (Diesel–NG and HVO–Biogas) and Conventional Diesel Fuel in a CI Engine

2020

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The Article presents the results of the experimental research and numerical analysis of a compression ignition (CI) engine adapted for running on dual fuels of different composition (diesel and natural gas, diesel and biogas, biodiesel and natural gas, and biodiesel and biogas). The main goal was to find out the impact of different dual fuels on energy performance and emissions depending on the start of injection (SOI) of diesel and the crank angle degree (CAD). Pure conventional diesel fuel and second generation hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) (Neste) was used in the research. Natural gas contained 97 vol. % of methane. Biogas (biomethane) was simulated using a methane and carbon dioxide blend consisting of 60 vol. % of methane and 40 vol. % of carbon dioxide. Dual (liquid and gaseous) fuels were used in the tests, with the energy share of liquid fuels accounting for 40% and gas for 60%. The research results have shown that having replaced conventional diesel fuel with dual fuel, engine’s BTE declined by 11.9–16.5%. The use of methane in the dual fuel blend reduced CO2 volumetric fraction in the exhaust gases by 17–20%, while biomethane increased CO2 volumetric fraction by 10–14%. Dual fuel significantly increased CO and HC emissions, but NOx volumetric fraction decreased by 67–82% and smoke by 23–39%. The numerical analysis of the combustion process revealed changes in the ROHR (Rate of Heat Release) that affected engine efficiency and exhaust emissions was done by AVL (Anstalt für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen List) BOOST program.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Energetic and Ecologic Parameters of Dual Fuels (Diesel–NG and HVO–Biogas) and Conventional Diesel Fuel in a CI Engine

2020

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“…Using the method of the volume balance, a mathematical model of the engine operating process with cylinders switched off has been developed [23,41,42]. The adequacy of the calculated results has been checked by the indication of operating processes in switched-off and working cylinders.…”

Section: Theoretical Substantiation Of Possible Improvement Of Fuel Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Fuel Economy of Spark Ignition Engines Applying the Combined Method of Power Regulation

et al. 2020

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One of the disadvantages of spark ignition engines, whose power is regulated by throttling, is the increased fuel consumption at low loads and when the engine is idle. The combined method of engine power regulation by switching off the cylinder group and throttling working cylinders is one of the effective ways to improve fuel economy in the above-mentioned modes. This article presents the research results of the combined method of engine power regulation which can be realized by minor structural changes in operating conditions. The method implies the following: at low loads and at idle speed of the engine. Fuel supply to the group of cylinders is switched off with the simultaneous increase of the cyclic fuel supply in the working cylinders. The adequacy of the calculated results has been checked by the indication of operating processes in switched off and working cylinders. The research results of a six-cylinder spark ignition engine with the distributed gasoline injection using the combined power regulation system have been shown. The angles of opening the throttle which provides a non-shock transition from the operation with all cylinders to the operation with the cylinder group switched off have been determined.Energies 2020, 13, 1076 2 of 19 forced idling. In this case, most of the time cars move at a low speed, with the engine running at low loads and at idle speed.Operating modes of automobile engines under operating conditions have been investigated in many papers. At low speed and low load, high heat transfer and combustion losses occur, directly affecting engine operating conditions [1]. In most cases, these actual engine operating conditions are not reflected in standardized driving cycles and, sometimes, summaries of experimentally-derived cycles are also used to evaluate traffic jams [2]. Design changes, such as ceramic-coated engines, have also been used to reduce heat loss, which, when used in combination with biodiesel as fuel, have shown optimum engine operating conditions [3]. This effect is also noticeable when using triglyceride-based biodiesel as fuel [4]. Hydroxyl gas can also be used as an indicator to improve engine natural conditions, resulting in higher thermal efficiency and improved exhaust emissions [5]. The possible use of biobutanol as another source of biofuels and similar trends in engine operating conditions due to its higher oxidative stability [6] as a spark ignition [7], as a compression ignition engines [8]. It is also known that the use of alcohol additives in petrol improves its properties and achieves an ecological effect [9]. The EGR system shows a different reduction in cycle pressure [10] which is noticeable when operating small engines [11]. Studies [12][13][14][15] shows that the basic operating modes of both freight and passenger vehicles moving in cities are part speed and loading modes. They involve acceleration, steady mode, and active and forced idling while driving and braking the car. Most of the time the vehicular engines run the open throttle or with a fuel s...

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“…Lastly, Zhao and Zhou [69] presented a grey prediction model that incorporated a smoothness operator for forecasting electricity usage. Although Zavadskas et al [70] applied the SWARA and MULTIMOORA approach to solving sustainability problem in internal combustion engine by analyzing the ecological energy parameters, this paper fills the gap in the literature that has not specifically evaluated the selection of contractors for floating solar panel selection. Specifically, this paper presents a new hybrid method called the Grey SWARA-FUCOM for group decision-making.…”

Section: Grey System Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grey SWARA-FUCOM Weighting Method for Contractor Selection MCDM Problem: A Case Study of Floating Solar Panel Energy System Installation

et al. 2019

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Selection of the most appropriate contractor for the installation of solar panels is essential to maximizing the benefit of this renewable, sustainable energy source. Solar energy is one of the 100% renewable energy sources, but implementation may not be very simple and cost-effective. A key phase in the implementation of renewable energy is the evaluation of contractors for the installation of solar panels, which is addressed as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. A new hybrid method is proposed that combines the stepwise weight analysis ratio assessment (SWARA) and full consistent method (FUCOM) weights that are represented as grey numbers used with traditional grey relational analysis (GRA) and evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) methods. The ranking of contractors by both methods is the same, which confirmed the results presented in this research. The use of the grey SWARA-FUCOM weighting method combined with the GRA and EDAS methods increased the decision-makers’ (DMs) confidence in awarding the installation of the solar panel energy system to the top-ranked contractor.

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Internal Combustion Engine Analysis of Energy Ecological Parameters by Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA and SWARA Methods

Cited by 40 publications

References 73 publications

Comparative Study on the Energetic and Ecologic Parameters of Dual Fuels (Diesel–NG and HVO–Biogas) and Conventional Diesel Fuel in a CI Engine

Comparative Study on the Energetic and Ecologic Parameters of Dual Fuels (Diesel–NG and HVO–Biogas) and Conventional Diesel Fuel in a CI Engine

Improving Fuel Economy of Spark Ignition Engines Applying the Combined Method of Power Regulation

Grey SWARA-FUCOM Weighting Method for Contractor Selection MCDM Problem: A Case Study of Floating Solar Panel Energy System Installation

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