2017
DOI: 10.1038/srep42413
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Interleukin-33 produced by M2 macrophages and other immune cells contributes to Th2 immune reaction of IgG4-related disease

Abstract: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by elevated serum IgG4 and marked infiltration of IgG4-positive cells in multiple organs. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a recently described cytokine that is secreted by damaged epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and potently activates helper T type 2 (Th2) immune responses, which have been suggested to play a major role in IgG4 production of IgG4-RD. Here, we assessed the expression of IL-33 and related molecules in the salivary glands (SGs) of pati… Show more

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Cited by 104 publications
(77 citation statements)
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“…Relationship between TLR-7 and IL-33 expression in the SGs. As mentioned above, our recent data indicate that M2 macrophages might contribute to aberrant activation of Th2 immune responses and fibrosis via production of IL-33 (15,16). IL-33 is a recently described cytokine and directly stimulates ST2-expressing immune cells, including Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, to secrete Th2 cytokines (35).…”
Section: Identification Of Tlr-7-expressing Cells In the Smgs And Normentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Relationship between TLR-7 and IL-33 expression in the SGs. As mentioned above, our recent data indicate that M2 macrophages might contribute to aberrant activation of Th2 immune responses and fibrosis via production of IL-33 (15,16). IL-33 is a recently described cytokine and directly stimulates ST2-expressing immune cells, including Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, to secrete Th2 cytokines (35).…”
Section: Identification Of Tlr-7-expressing Cells In the Smgs And Normentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Acting via the ST2 receptor on a variety of cells, including Th2 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells, it induces Th2 cytokine responses and other proinflammatory responses (23). Indeed, recent studies by Furukawa et al (34) implicate the role of IL-33 as an inducer of Th2 responses in IgG4-RD. However, it also activates Th1 responses in cytotoxic antiviral T cells (35).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Increase of CD163þ M2 macrophages and the amount of fibrosis in biopsy specimens are reported in patients with IgG4-RD. In addition, abundant interleukin-33 (IL-33) produced by macrophages, dendritic cells and damaged epithelial cells was detected in salivary glands, which might activate Th2 immune responses in patients with IgG4-RD [21]. Alternatively, macrophages from patients with IgG4-RD induce IgG4-production by BAFF released from B cells upon stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NOD)-like receptors [22].…”
Section: Innate Immunitymentioning
confidence: 99%