Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Upregulation and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Skeletal Muscle from a Mouse Model of Chronic/Progressive Parkinson Disease

Abstract

Background Skeletal muscle atrophy has been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to examine the potential implication of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) in skeletal muscle atrophy following PD induction. Material/Methods Chronic Parkinsonism was induced in 10 albino mice by MPTP/probenecid treatment, while 10 other albino mice remained without treatment and were subsequently used as controls. Gastrocnemius muscles were examined for the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as the nuclear localization of NF kappa B, indicative of its activation, using immunohistochemistry in the 2 different groups. Results IL-1β and TNF-α expression and NF kappa B nuclear localization were significantly higher in the PD skeletal muscle compared with those in the controls (P value <0.01). Conclusions The present data are indicative of an association of PD with IL-1β and TNF-α upregulation and NF kappa B activation in gastrocnemius muscles, potentially promoting the atrophy frequently observed in PD.

What and How Can Physical Activity Prevention Function on Parkinson’s Disease?

“…This is consistent with previous studies that skeletal muscle fibers are capable of producing proinflammatory factors [118,127]. These proinflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in PD-induced skeletal muscle cells [116,128,129]. However, after physical training, overexpressed inflammatory cytokines are inhibited in aging skeletal muscle [64,122].…”

“…Related studies reported that the inflammatory factors were upregulated in PD brain [113][114][115]. In addition, overexpression of inflammatory factors has also been shown in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle in PD, which suggested that they may play a role in the progression of skeletal muscle abnormalities [116]. Physical exercise training can reduce the risk of inflammation [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126].…”

Bi-phasic effect of gelatin in myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration

“…Our finding in facilitated expansion of Pax7 + cells by LCG is consistent with this finding. TNFα is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that is increasingly expressed in damaged or dystrophic muscle [51]. It was shown that high level of TNFα may cause apoptosis of myoblasts and myocytes, thus causing muscle atrophy [52].…”

Bi-phasic effect of gelatin in myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration

“…Our result that LCG promotes Pax7 + cell expansion is consistent with this finding. TNFα is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that is increasingly expressed in damaged or dystrophic muscle ( Erekat and Al-Jarrah, 2018 ). It was shown that a high level of TNFα might cause apoptosis of myoblasts and myocytes, thus causing muscle atrophy ( Bhatnagar et al, 2010 ).…”