Interlaminar to intralaminar mode I and II crack bifurcation due to aligned carbon nanotube reinforcement of aerospace-grade advanced composites

Ni, Xinchen; Furtado, Carolina; Fritz, Nathan K.; Kopp, Reed; Camanho, P.P.; Wardle, Brian L.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108014

Cited by 61 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This work aims to highlight the necessity for developing a standardized approach when dealing with satin weave architectures and interleaving. Discrepancies and calculation limitations can arise when using the experimental methodology intended for UD toughness calculations for alternative layups, including issues with stress fluctuation, crack renucleation, bifurcation [29], fracture migration [18,31,32] and coupling between tension and bending for unsymmetrical laminates which could alter the specimen neutral axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GIIC of non-interleaved 0/90 (1007J/m 2 ) is 5% less than the non-interleaved 0/0 (1055J/m 2 ) specimens, suggesting the detrimental effects of resin rich zones due to surface texture misfit outweigh the toughening effect from the face of 90 fibre orientation bias perpendicular to the delamination path.The PPS veil at the midplane improves the delamination resistance for all configurations investigated. For chopped stranded PPS interleaved veils to improve the GIIC, the fibres must be tough, able to deform plastically with high elongation to break performance, have high shear strengths[29] and good adhesion to the matrix resin. The localised ductility of the interface is enhanced with chopped stranded PPS by introducing localised strain concentrations during loading, subsequently triggering the undulating fracture paths following the least resistance to fracture.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of interfacial fibre orientation and PPS veil density on delamination resistance of 5HS woven CFRP laminates under mode II loading

Ramji

Grasso

et al. 2021

Composites Science and Technology

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This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of interfacial fibre orientation and interleaved thermoplastic veil on Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of 5-harness satin woven carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite laminates. Three-point End-Notched Flexure tests were carried out to determine delamination resistance, GIIC of specimens with five fibre orientation biases and two veil densities at the midplane. Results show that delamination resistance of 5-harness satin woven laminates depends on the layup configurations at the midplane with 90/45 fibre orientation bias exhibiting the greatest resistance. The delamination resistance enhancement from polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) veil interleaves is also fibre orientation dependent but a further increase of the veil density from 10gm-2 to 20gm-2 offers little extra benefit. Fracture surface morphologies were examined under SEM to understand the failure mechanism and fracture process of the woven laminate under the combined effects of the interfacial fibre orientation and the veil density. Fibre orientation relative to the delamination path, surface texture misfit, and veil density are the three main contributors identified for the variation of delamination resistance of 5HS woven laminates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of interfacial fibre orientation and PPS veil density on delamination resistance of 5HS woven CFRP laminates under mode II loading

Ramji

Grasso

et al. 2021

Composites Science and Technology

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“…Ni et al [ 163 ] reinforced EP/CF prepregs with well dispersed aligned CNTs. Their results demonstrated enhanced inter‐laminar and in‐plane shear strengths.…”

Section: Toughening Of Epoxy Resins Using Carbon Nanotubes Assembliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent progress in improving the fracture toughness of epoxy‐based composites using carbonaceous nanofillers

et al. 2022

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Epoxy resins (EPs) exhibit various extraordinary properties, including significant mechanical and thermal properties, low shrinkage, and high chemical resistance, opening a wide window of different applications such as adhesives, paints, coatings, etc. By contrast, EPs also have the undesirable behavior of being brittle and cannot sufficiently resist against the initiation and growth of cracks. Efforts are being made to enhance the toughening of EPs without sacrificing their other desirable properties. With the advent of nanotechnology, improving the toughening of EPs has gained momentum by incorporating different modified and unmodified nanofillers into these polymers. Since the discovery of carbonaceous nanofillers, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (Gr), significant progress has been made in the development of EP‐based composites incorporating these nanofillers and their hybrids. The current review presents research progress during the last six years on the toughening of EPs using CNTs, Gr, and CNT‐Gr hybrids. Special attention is given to the chemical functionalization of these nanofillers, which has been demonstrated over and over again to significantly affect nanofiller dispersion in the EP matrix and subsequently its fracture properties. Details on the various toughening mechanisms of EP‐based composites are further provided.

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“…Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been widely used in engineering structural parts because of their high specific strength and stiffness, good fatigue, and corrosion resistance. 1,2 However, CFRPs are prone to delamination when subjected to external impact during service due to their low interlaminar fracture toughness. 3 Delamination leads to a reduction in structural loadbearing capacity, which severely limits the engineering application of CFRPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐cost carbon black‐loaded functional films for interlaminar toughening and in‐situ delamination monitoring of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Liu

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Functional polyethersulfone (PES)/carbon black (CB) films were fabricated and interleaved into carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates to simultaneously improve the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G IC ) and delamination monitoring sensitivity. It was found that when the CB content in the functional film was 7.5 wt%, the initial and propagation G IC of the laminate achieved the greatest improvements of 99.16% and 82.83%, respectively. The toughening mechanism was mainly attributed to the formation of phase separation structure, the plastic deformation of PES and the pull-out of epoxy and CBs. Meanwhile, a delamination increment-resistance change relationship equation was proposed to predict the delamination increment of the laminate during mode I delamination. Moreover, the effect of CB content in the film on the delamination monitoring sensitivity was investigated. The pure PES film showed the largest sensitivity coefficient k of 4.55, which was much higher than that of Control (0.14). When the CB content was in the range of 2.5-7.5 wt%, both G IC and k remained at relatively high levels, indicating that PES/CB films have promising applications in advanced multifunctional composites due to their low cost, simple manufacturing process, and largescale industrial manufacturability.

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Interlaminar to intralaminar mode I and II crack bifurcation due to aligned carbon nanotube reinforcement of aerospace-grade advanced composites

Cited by 61 publications

References 89 publications

Effect of interfacial fibre orientation and PPS veil density on delamination resistance of 5HS woven CFRP laminates under mode II loading

Effect of interfacial fibre orientation and PPS veil density on delamination resistance of 5HS woven CFRP laminates under mode II loading

A review of recent progress in improving the fracture toughness of epoxy‐based composites using carbonaceous nanofillers

Low‐cost carbon black‐loaded functional films for interlaminar toughening and in‐situ delamination monitoring of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

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