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This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of interfacial fibre orientation and interleaved thermoplastic veil on Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of 5-harness satin woven carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite laminates. Three-point End-Notched Flexure tests were carried out to determine delamination resistance, GIIC of specimens with five fibre orientation biases and two veil densities at the midplane. Results show that delamination resistance of 5-harness satin woven laminates depends on the layup configurations at the midplane with 90/45 fibre orientation bias exhibiting the greatest resistance. The delamination resistance enhancement from polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) veil interleaves is also fibre orientation dependent but a further increase of the veil density from 10gm-2 to 20gm-2 offers little extra benefit. Fracture surface morphologies were examined under SEM to understand the failure mechanism and fracture process of the woven laminate under the combined effects of the interfacial fibre orientation and the veil density. Fibre orientation relative to the delamination path, surface texture misfit, and veil density are the three main contributors identified for the variation of delamination resistance of 5HS woven laminates.
This paper presents the finite element modelling (FEM) strategy to identify the structural response of aircraft tyres under quasi-static and taxiing load conditions. The tyre FEM was developed to simulate the aircraft tyre/ground interaction for a range of inflation pressures under vertical, lateral, longitudinal, torsional, yawed and un-yawed rolling. A thorough comparison for validation purposes is made between the test and simulation data extracted from the FEM. The reinforcement plies of the tyres are modelled in a computationally efficient manner whilst also considering the variable fibre volume fractions and ply discontinuities within the tyre. The accurate material characterisation at coupon level combined with the overall modelling approach allowed most simulated responses to match the experimental stiffness within 12% against best fit curves of similar tyre types and within 5% for the majority of test comparisons.
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