Interlaminar fracture micro-mechanisms in toughened carbon fibre reinforced plastics investigated via synchrotron radiation computed tomography and laminography

Borstnar, G.; Mavrogordato, M.N.; Helfen, Lukas; Sinclair, Ian; Spearing, S. Mark

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.01.012

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The figure identifies particle-depleted regions within the interlayer, highlighting the variation in micro-structure of this material system. The effects of such microstructural variations have been previously identified in other works [22], whereby such regions tend to promote brittle behaviour rather than the progressive evolution of damage experienced in particle-rich regions. The figure shows the number of de-bonded particles increasing from right-to-left, and a relatively uniform strain distribution across the width of the sample with perhaps a little more crack progression in the centre of the sample.…”

Section: -Damage Evolution and Fracture Micro-mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Three-dimensional deformation mapping of Mode I interlaminar crack extension in particle-toughened interlayers

et al. 2016

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This paper presents the first use of Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) to quantify the strain fields ahead of a Mode I delamination. DVC is a relatively novel tool that can be used to measure displacements and strains occurring inside materials under load. In conjunction with Computed Tomography (CT), the technique has been applied to porous materials, with results providing strain data for validation of Finite Element (FE) models. However, the application of the technique to laminated materials has been limited, with studies often requiring fiducial markings required for volume correlation. In this work, crack propagation steps were captured at a 325 nm voxel resolution using Synchrotron Radiation Computed Tomography (SRCT). The material systems investigated featured different crack bridging mechanisms such as; particle-bridges, resin ligaments, and fibre-bridges. An assessment of noise and sub-volume size on the strain measurement determined that the optimal sub-volume size was 150 voxels with 50 % overlap. This provided a spatial resolution of 48.8 µm for strain and a corresponding strain resolution ranging between 220-690 µε for the repeated reference scans. A rigid body translation study confirmed that specimen movements perpendicular to the fibre orientation support the 'real' physical displacements. However, along the fibre direction, the correlation was poor, with correct displacements being detected only within the particle-toughened interlayers. The study demonstrates that strain measurements can be made perpendicular to the fibre direction across the interlayer, which could be used to validate future FE models of these poorly understood particle-toughened interlayers.

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Section: -Damage Evolution and Fracture Micro-mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The second section of the paper identifies the strain behaviour at the crack tip, with the three different particletoughened systems displaying dissimilar crack bridging mechanisms. Crack propagation in these complex microstructures is highly discontinuous, with no clear 'crack tip' [22].…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional deformation mapping of Mode I interlaminar crack extension in particle-toughened interlayers

et al. 2016

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“…It had been developed into a computer tomography (CT) method (155), but this was rarely used. The increasing availability of synchrotron X-ray sources, however, may change this in the future (139,156).…”

Section: Penetrating Radiation Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nondestructive Testing of Polymers and Polymer–Matrix Composites

Brunner

Hack

Neuenschwander

2015

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Because of their unique properties, polymers and polymer–matrix composites pose both challenges and opportunities for nondestructive testing. The increasing use of these materials creates a demand for nondestructive verification of various properties or specifications, determination of structural integrity, or prediction of service‐life. On the other hand, development of new nondestructive test methods, improved sensitivity, or faster data acquisition and analysis may allow for nondestructive testing applications that hitherto did not seem feasible or economical. This article provides a brief overview of established methods and emerging applications in nondestructive testing of polymers and polymer–matrix composites.

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“…Fiber‐reinforced plastics have played a central role in engineering design in the last 20–30 years because of their facile processing, tailorable properties, and weight savings compared to metal alloys . However, recent reports have demonstrated the limits of pure fiber–matrix composites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron phthalocyanine coatings on the surface of carbon fibers and their improved interfacial interactions with poly(arylene ether)nitrile

Chen

Qin

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Riveted carbon fibers (CFs) were fabricated via in situ thermopolymerization. Iron phthalocyanine was like rivets distributed on the surface of the acidulated CFs. The rivets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and distributed uniformly on the surface of the CFs with a uniform microsphere size of 120 nm. Next, the pristine and riveted CFs were used to prepare fiber-reinforced poly(arylene ether)nitrile (PEN)-based composites with a hot-press molding technique. The creep behaviors of PEN on the pristine and riveted CFs were investigated by dynamic rheological measurements. Among the samples, the viscosities changed with the frequency, and the stress relaxation and Cole-Cole plots are presented and discussed in detail. These results indicated better interlocking between the PEN chains and the rivets on the surface of the CFs. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were examined in three-point bending mode with a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results indicate that the reduction of the tan d peak height may have been due to the improved interfacial adhesion between the CFs and PEN. Additionally, the interfacial morphologies of the CF-reinforced PEN composites were monitored; this also confirmed the improved adhesion between the PEN chains and the riveted CFs in comparison with that of the pristine CFs.

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Interlaminar fracture micro-mechanisms in toughened carbon fibre reinforced plastics investigated via synchrotron radiation computed tomography and laminography

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Three-dimensional deformation mapping of Mode I interlaminar crack extension in particle-toughened interlayers

Three-dimensional deformation mapping of Mode I interlaminar crack extension in particle-toughened interlayers

Nondestructive Testing of Polymers and Polymer–Matrix Composites

Iron phthalocyanine coatings on the surface of carbon fibers and their improved interfacial interactions with poly(arylene ether)nitrile

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